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Prostitution in the Eastern Mediterranean / Gary Leiser

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98.      A New Look at an Old Profession

Jinn in the form of seductive woman
from ʻAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt
The image of prostitution as humanity's "oldest profession" often obscures the fact that this phenomenon has carried different social meaning and economic value across time and space. In this episode, Dr. Gary Leiser explores social understandings of prostitution in the Eastern Mediterranean between various political and legal frameworks during the medieval period.


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Gary Leiser is a retired civil servant whose work focuses on medieval Islamic history. 

Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at İstanbul 29 Mayıs University. His work focuses on early modern Mediterranean and Ottoman History. (see academia.edu)

Kahraman Şakul is an Assistant Professor of History at İstanbul Şehir University focusing on Ottoman military history. (see academia.edu)

Louis Fishman is an Assistant Professor of History at CUNY-Brooklyn College studying Palestinian and Israeli history during the late Ottoman Period. (see faculty page)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Stavroula Leontsini, Die Prostitution im früher Byzanz (Vienna: Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, 1989)

al-Maqrīzī, al-Mawāʿiẓ wa ʾl-iʿtibār bi-dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wa ʾl-āthār, (Cairo: Būlāq, 1853-54), 2 vols.

James Brundage, “Prostitution, Miscegenation and Sexual Purity in the First Crusade,” in Crusade and Settlement, edited by Peter W. Edbury, pp. 57-65 (Cardiff: University College Cardiff Pr., 1985).

Bernadette Martel-Thoumian, “Plaisirs illicites et châtiments dans les sources mamloukes fin ixe/xve – début xe/xvie siècle,” Annales Islamologiques, 39 (2005): 275-323.

Mark D. Meyerson, “Prostitution of Muslim Women in the Kingdom of Valencia: Religious and Sexual Discrimination in a Medieval Plural Society,” in The Medieval Mediterranean: Cross-cultural Contacts, edited by Marilyn J. Chiat and Kathryn Reyerson, pp. 87-95 (St. Cloud, MN:  North Star Press, 1988).

Aḥmad ʿAbd ar-Rāziq (ed.), La Femme au temps des Mamlouks en Égypte (Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1973).

“Bighāʾ,” Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd edition, Supplement

Abdelwahab Bouhdiba, La Sexualité en Islam, 2nd ed. (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1979).



Approaching Lebanese History // Graham Pitts

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99.    Archives and Sources for Modern Lebanese History

Bsherreh from Wadi Kadesha
Source: American Colony
c1900-1920 (Library of Congress)
Even when writing the history of a particular geographical space, historians often find themselves circling the globe in search of new source material for research. This may be especially true for historians of Lebanon, whose archival sources are spread throughout various libraries in Lebanon, the Middle East and the West. In this episode, Graham Pitts shares his own research experience and discusses some of the different sources and archives available to scholars working on the history of modern Lebanon.


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Graham Pitts is a PhD candidate at Georgetown University focusing on Middle East environmental history
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Approaching Lebanese History: Archives and Sources for Modern Lebanese History," Graham Pitts and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 99 (March, 30 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/03/lebanon-archive-sources-modern-mandate.html.

Archives Covered

Egyptian National Library and Archives (sites are currently down), Cairo (map)
Lebanese National Archives / Beirut (map)
American University / Beirut (map)
Maronite Catholic Patriarchate Archives / Bkerké, Lebanon
Başbakanlık Ottoman Archives / Istanbul (map) / Catalog
French Diplomatic Archives / Paris (map)
French Diplomatic Archives / Nantes (map)
British National Archives / Kew, UK (map)
US National Archives / College Park, MD (map)

Select Bibliography

Akarli, Engin. The Long Peace: Ottoman Lebanon, 1861-1920. University of California Press, 1993.

Faroqhi, Suraiya. Approaching Ottoman history: an introduction to the sources. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Firro, Kais. Inventing Lebanon: nationalism and the State under the Mandate. Vol. 6. IB Tauris, 2003.

Khater, Akram F. Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon, 1870-1920. University of California Press, 2001.

Labelle Jr, Maurice M. Traces of empire| Decolonization and the United States in Lebanon, 1941--1967. Diss. THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, 2012.

Méouchy, Nadine, and Peter Sluglett. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Les Mandats Francais Et Anglais Dans Une Perspective Comparative). Vol. 93. Brill Academic Pub, 2004.

Mikdashi, Maya. "Essential Readings: Lebanon," Jadaliyya.  [http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/4926/essential-readings_reading-lebanon]

Sbaiti, Nadya, and Sara Scalenghe. "Essays - Conducting Research in Lebanon: an Overview of Historical Sources Outside of Beirut (part Ii)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 38.2 (2004): 187

Scalenghe, Sara, and Nadya Sbalti. "Essays and Mesa 2002 - Conducting Research in Lebanon: an Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut (part I)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 37.1 (2003): 68

Slim, Souad Abou el-Rousse. Le métayage et l'impôt au Mont-Liban: XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Dar el-Machreq, 1987.

Gelenekten Gelenekçiliğe: Osmanlı ve Müzik / Cem Behar

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100.     Music and the Making of Tradition

Levni'nin Surname'siden
Over the past century, a genre of music called Turkish classical music (sanat muzikisi) emerged as a would-be revival of traditional Ottoman/Turkish music that emerged during the sixteenth century. In this episode, Cem Behar clears up some widespread misconceptions about the history of this music and explains how we have gone from tradition to "traditionalism" with regards to the Ottoman musical past (note: podcast is in Turkish).

Bu ezber bozan podcastımızda Prof. Dr. Cem Behar bizlere 16. yüzyılın ortalarında zuhur eden geleneksel Osmanlı/Türk musikisinin modernizasyon projesi çerçevesinde bir çok "icat edilmiş gelenek" ile nasıl inkıta'ya uğratıldığını anlatıyor. Günümüz Türk Sanat musikisi ile Osmanlı dönemindeki musikinin kompozisyon ve icraları arasındaki farklılıklar üzerinde durarak "gelenek"in yerini nasıl "gelenekçilik"e bıraktığına dikkati çektikten sonra, geleneksel Osmanlı/Türk musikisinin bir çok karanlık yönüne ışık tutuyor.


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Prof. Dr. Cem Behar İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi İşletme Bölümü'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see faculty page)
Yeniçağ Akdeniz Tarihi ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde ders vermektedir. (bkz. academia.edu)
Osmanlı Askeri Tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Kahraman Şakul İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde öğretim üyesidir. (academia.edu)

Citation: "Gelenekten Gelenekçiliğe: Osmanlı ve Müzik," Cem Behar, Emrah Safa Gürkan, Kahraman Şakul, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 100 (April 4, 2013) ttp://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2011/04/music-modernization-tradition-ottoman-empire-behar.html.

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Cem Behar, Klasik Türk musikisi üzerine denemeler (İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları, 1987).

Cem Behar, Ali Ufkî ve Mezmurlar (İstanbul: Pan Yayıncılık, 1990).

Cem Behar, Zaman, mekân, müzik: Klasik Türk musıkisinde eğitim (meşk), icra ve aktarım (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 1993).

Cem Behar, Aşk Olmayınca Meşk Olmaz: Geleneksel Osmanlı Türk Müziği'nde Eğitim ve İntikal (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1998). 

Cem Behar, Musıkiden müziğe: Osmanlı / Türk müziği: gelenek ve modernlik (makaleler, kaynaklar, metinler) (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2005).

Cem Behar, “The Ottoman Musical Tradition,” in The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 3: The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839, ed. Suraiya N. Faroqhi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006): 393-407.

Cem Behar, Şeyhülislâm'ın müziği: 18. yüzyılda Osmanlı/Türk musıkisi ve Şeyhülislâm Es'ad Efendi'nin Atrabü'l-âsâr'ı (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2010).


Hydropolitics and the Hajj / Michael Christopher Low

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101.     An Ottoman Pre-History of Saudi ‘Geological Imperialism’

Water Distillation Machine
Installed in Jidda (1911)
Source: Kasım İzzeddin, Hicaz'da
teşkilât ve ıslahat-ı sıhhiye (1330)
During the nineteenth century, imperial states became increasingly concerned with the management of disease and resources. For the Ottoman Empire, the issues of disease and water converged on the hajj pilgrimage, which brought annual throngs of thirsty disease vectors to the Hijaz region. In this podcast, Michael Christopher Low examines the su meselesi or “water issue” of the Ottoman Empire during the Hamidian era and its importance for understanding the ecological transformation of Saudi Arabia over the past century.


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Michael Christopher Low is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of History of Columbia University focusing on the Hijaz region. (see department page)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Hydropolitics and the Hajj," Michael Christopher Low and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 101 (April 12, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2010/04/hajj-water-saudi-arabia.html.

Maps

Download and read about the maps associated with this podcast at the Afternoon Map






Select Bibliography

Primary Sources:

Akkuş, Mehmet, ed. Hicaz Hâtırası: Muharriri El-Hac Hüseyin Vassaf. İstanbul:
Kubbealtı, 2011.

Burdett, Anita L.P., ed. Water Resources in the Arabian Peninsula, 1921-1960. Volume
1: Bahran, Qatar, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman, Saudi Arabia. Slough, U.K.: Archive Editions, 1998.

Eyüp Sabri (Paşa). Mir’âtül-Haremeyn: Mir’ât-ı Mekke. Cilt 1. Bahriye Matbaası, 1301.

İzzeddin, Kasım. Hicaz'da teşkilât ve ıslahat-ı sıhhiye ve 1330 senesi hacc-ı şerifi Hicaz 
sıhhiye idaresi, senevi rapor. İstanbul: Matbaa-ı Amire, 1330.

Sarıyıldız, Gülden and Ayşe Kavak, eds. Halife II. Abdülhamid’in Hac Siyaseti: Dr. M. 
Şakir Bey’in Hicaz Hatırları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2009.

Secondary Sources:

Bulmuş, Birsen. Plague, Quarantines, and Geopolitics in the Ottoman Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

Jones, Toby Craig. Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.

Low, Michael Christopher. “Empire and the Hajj: Pilgrims, Plagues, and Pan-Islam under British Surveillance, 1865-1908.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 2 (May, 2008): 269-290.

Mikhail, Alan, ed. Water on Sand: Environmental Histories of the Middle East and 
North Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Sarıyıldız, Gülden. Hicaz Karantina Teşkilâtı,1865-1914. Ankara: Türk Tarih Karumu,
1996.

Yılmaz, Ömer Faruk. Osmanlı’nın Hicaz’da Deniz Suyu Arıtma Tesisleri Projesi.
İstanbul: Çamlıca, 2012.

Episode Music:Ilham al-Madfai - Sharrabtak al Mayy

Child and Nation in Early Republican Turkey / Yasemin Gencer

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COMING SOON ON OTTOMAN HISTORY PODCAST
APRIL 19, 2013

102.     Very Young Turks

Source: Akbaba (10/29/1928)
Following the World War I period, the founders of a new Turkish Republic sought to define and legitimize the new order as a break with the Ottoman past. In this episode, Yasemin Gencer explains the ways in which  notions such as childhood were used to construct the image of a renewed Turkish society in the nationalist press during the early years of the Republican period.

Yasemin Gencer is a PhD candidate at Indiana University studying Art History. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)
Emily Neumeier is a PhD student of Ottoman art history at the University of Pennsylvania

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chris Gratien and Yasemin Gencer / Kurtuluş, Istanbul
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verso, 2006.
Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
Brummett, Palmira J. Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908-1911. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 
Cristi, Marcela. From Civil to Political Religion: The Intersection of Culture, Religion and Politics. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001. 
Çeviker, Turgut. Gelişim Sürecinde Türk Karikatürü-III. Istanbul: Adam (Anadolu) Yayınları, 1991.
Göçek, Fatma Müge, ed. Political Cartoons in the Middle East. Princeton: Markus Weiner Publishers, 1998. 
Karpat, Kemal H. "Historical Continuity and Identity Change or How to be Modern Muslim, Ottoman, and Turk." In Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey, ed. Kemal Karpat, 1–28. Leiden, Boston, and Köln: Brill, 2000. 
Robinson, Kathryn. “Families: Metaphors of Nation (Overview).” In Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, vol. 2, Family, Law, and Politics, ed. Suad Joseph, 154–60. Leiden: Brill, 2005. 
Sönmez, Cemil. Atatürk’te Çocuk Sevgisi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 2004. 
Ünder, Hasan. “Atatürk İmgesinin Siyasal Yaşamdaki Rolü.” In: Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: Kemalizm, vol. 2. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2001.

IMAGES

“The Republic is Walking!” Karagöz (no. 1650, p. 1), 9 January 1924.
 “Ottoman Empire vs. Turkish Republic,” Akbaba (no. 199, p. 1), 30 October 1924.
“When I Grow Up,” Akbaba (no. 407, p. 4), 28 October 1926.
 “Our Father is Coming!” Cumhuriyet (no. 1128, p. 1), 1 July 1927.
 “We Are Saved,” Akbaba (no. 614, p. 1), 29 October 1928.

Komitas: a Biographical Mixtape // Chris Gratien

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103.    An Ottoman Tragedy

Komitas Vardapet (1869-1935)
in Istanbul, circa 1910
The biography and intellectual legacy of Komitas Vardapet, an orphan from Kütahya who became one of the foremost Armenian intellectuals of his day, is firmly embedded within Armenian national lore. Yet, seldom has it been told as an Ottoman story. Drawing on sources in Turkish, Armenian, and English, this mixtape presents the life and works of Komitas through some of the earliest recordings of Armenian music, including his own performances. 

Section 1: From Bursa to Berlin: the Rise of an Armenian Ethnomusicologist


Download via iTunes

Section 2: Komitas Between Armenian and Turkish Nationalism


Download via iTunes

Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Komitas. Komitas: Essays and Articles : the Musicological Treatises of Komitas Vardapet. Pasadena, Calif: Drazark Press, 2001.

Kuyumjian, Rita Soulahian. Archeology of Madness: Komitas, Portrait of an Armenian Icon. Princeton, N.J.: Gomidas Institute, 2001.

Gasparean, Gurgen. Komitas Vardapet: 1869-1935. Yerevan: Sargis Xačenc̕, 2009.

Azatean, Toros. Komitas Vardapet̕: Ir keank̕n ow gorçownēowt̕iwnë. Istanbul: Kiwt̕emperk, 1931.

Adıvar, Halide Edib. Memoirs of Halidé Edib. New York: Century Co, 1926. (click for PDF)

Komitas Virtual Museum (komitas.am)

TRACK LIST

To read about the history of the recordings of Komitas, see Will Prentice's commentary.

"Antouni" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [audio]
"Qristos i mej mer haycanav" performed by Male Chamber Choir of the Yerevan Opera Theatre [audio]
"Mokats Mirza" performed by Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]
"Hol Ara Yezo" performed by Komitas Vardapet and Vahan Ter Arakelian [audio]
"Andzrevn Ekav" performed by State Academic Choir of Armenia, artistic director and conductor Hovhannes Tchekidjian [audio]
"Tsirani Tsar" performed by Lusine Zakarian [audio]
"Lorva Gutanerg" performed by Komitas Vardapet [audio]
"Garun a" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]
"Krunk" performed by Armenak Shahmuradian and Komitas Vardapet [lyrics] [audio]

Additional Background Music

Zemphira Barseghian piano performances the works of Komitas
Komitas String quartet, 1st violin - Edward Tadevosyan, 2nd violin - Souren Hakhnazaryan, viola - Alexander Kosemyan, chello - Felix Simonyan
"Urakh Ler" performed by Mari Pozapalian [audio]

IMAGES


Komitas in Cairo, 1911
Source: komitas.am
Komitas in Berlin
Source: komitas.am

Komitas in his Pangaltı Apartment in Istanbul, 1913-4
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Komitas with pupils and teacher of Gevorgian Seminary in Etchmiadzin, 1904
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)
Komitas's Choir in Istanbul, 1911
Source: Azatean, Toros. Komitas Vardapet̕: Ir keank̕n ow gorçownēowt̕iwnë (1931)

Komitas with his students in Istanbul, 1914
From left to right: Hayk Semerjian, Mihran Tumajian,Vardan Sargsian, Artashes Abajian,
Vagharshak Srvandztian, Barsegh Kanachian
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)
Komitas with Astuatsatur Harents on Büyük Ada near Istanbul, 1916
Source: Gurgen Gasparian, Komitas Vardapet (2009)

Neither Muslim Nor Christian / Zeynep Türkyılmaz

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COMING SOON ON OTTOMAN HISTORY PODCAST 
APRIL 29, 2013

104.     Covert or Convert?


Musicians of Maçka, 1950s
Source: karalahana.com
Stories of insincere conversion under duress and secret Christians communities in the Ottoman Empire give the impression that many Christians lived in hiding from a Muslim majority. However, as Zeynep Türkyılmaz argues in this podcast, the phenomenon of Crypto-Christianity is really more complex, as diversity and heterogeneity among the Ottoman Empire's rural communities gave rise to "in-between" groups that did not conform to categories of identity being formulated in the center. In this episode, we focus on the Trabzon region in order to understand how local communities sought to define their participation in a rapidly transforming society and economy of the nineteenth century.

Zeynep Türkyılmaz is an Assistant Professor of History at Dartmouth College. (see faculty page)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)
Vedica Kant is a graduate of Oxford University's Middle Eastern Studies program.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


Andreades, Georgios [Yorgos]. The Cryptochristians : Klostoi : Those Who Returned ; Tenesur : Those Who Have Changed. Translated by Theodota Nantsou. Thessaloniki: Kuriakidis Bros., 1995.

Baer, Marc David. Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Bryer, Anthony.   "The Crypto-Christians of the Pontos and Consul William Gifford Palgrave of Trebizond." Deltio Kentrou Mikraasiatikon Spoudon, no. 4 (1983): 13-68.

Deringil, Selim. ""There Is No Compulsion in Religion": On Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire: 1839-1856." Comparative Studies in Society and History 42, no. 3 (2000): 547-575.

Krstić, Tijana. Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2011.

Reinkowski, Maurus. "Hidden Believers, Hidden Apostates: The Phenomenon of Crypto-Jews and Crypto-Christians in the Middle East." In Converting Cultures : Religion, Ideology, and Transformations of Modernity, ed. Dennis C. Washburn and A. Kevin Reinhart. Leiden; Boston; Biggleswade: Brill ; Extenza Turpin [distributor], 2007.

Episode Music

Girit Müslümanlarının Ada'da Son Yılları / Melike Kara

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105.    Mübadeleden Önce Girit

A street in Chania, Crete (1913)
Source: Library of Congress
Yunanistan Müslümanlarına yönelik çalışmalar genellikle Mübadele ve Batı Trakya Türkleri üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu bölümde söz konusu çalışmalardan farklı olarak Melike Kara, Yunanistan'ın 1913 yılında itibaren bir parçası olan Girit'e ve Müslümanlarına ilişkin incelemelerde bulunuyor.  Müslümanların 1913 yılından Ada'dan ayrıldıkları 1924 yılına kadar yaşamlarında meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koyarken olayların arka planında yer alan siyasi gelişmelere de değiniyor.

Most studies of Muslims in Greece focus on the population exchange of 1924. In this episode, Melike Kara examines the little studied period directly preceding the population exchange through the peculiar case of Crete, which passed from independent status to being a part of Greece only in 1913. Taking a social history approach, we discuss some of the changes in the Cretan Muslim community as an official minority in Greece within the context of broader political developments (podcast is in Turkish).


MP3 File
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Left to Right: Zeynep Sabancı and Melike Kara
Mersin University, April 2013
Mersin Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde doktora yapmakta olan Melike Kara, toplumsal tarih ve azınlıklarla ilgili çalışmalar yürütmektedir. (bknz. academia.edu)
Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)
Askeri tarihi çalışan Zeynep Sabancı Mersin Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)

Citation: "Girit Müslümanlarının Ada'da Son Yılları," Melike Kara, Zeynep Sabancı, and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 105 (May 3, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2011/05/crete-greece-ottoman-empire.html.

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Girit mübadili Kösem Hazar'ın Girit'te
çekilmiş aile fotoğrafı (Kaynak: Melike Kara)
Nükhet Adıyeke,  (2000). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Girit bunalımı. Ankara: T.T.K. yayını.
Nükhet Adıyeke (2005). "Osmanlı egemenliği altında Girit’te Müslüman kimliğin oluşumu ve Müslüman cemaati ile Ortodoks Cemaati Arasındaki İlişkiler." Yeniden Kurulan Yaşamlar 1923 Türk- Yunan Zorunlu Nüfus Mübadelesi, (Derleyen: Müfide Pekin), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 365-377.
Nuri Adıyeke (2006). Girit nikah defterleri ve Girit’te evlilikler, Fethinden Kaybına Girit, (İçinde), İstanbul: Babıâli Kültür Yayıncılığı, 57-70.
Benedict Anderson, (2007).  Hayali cemaatler – milliyetçiliğin kökenleri ve yayılması. (Çev. İskender Savaşır). İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
Fernand Braudel,  (2001). Uygarlıkların grameri. (Çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
Richard Clogg,  (2003). Minorities in Greece, London: Hurst&Company.
Detorakis, T. E. (1994). History of Crete. Iraklion.
Molly Greene, (1993). Kandiye 1669–1720: the formation of a mercant class. Princeton: Princeton Üniversitesi. Doktora Tezi.
Ersin Gülsoy, (2004). Girit’in fethi ve Osmanlı idaresinin kurulması (1645–1670). İstanbul: Tarih ve Tabiat Vakfı Yayınları.
Kemal Karpat, (2004). "1683’ten Sonra Osmanlıların Balkan Uluslarıyla İlişkileri." Balkanlar’da Osmanlı Mirası ve Ulusçuluk, (İçinde), (Çev. Recep Boztemur), Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 61-129.
Herkül Millas, (1992). Yunan Ulusunun Doğuşu, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Baskın Oran,  (1986). Türk- Yunan ilişkilerinde Batı Trakya sorunu. Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı Yayınları.
Tsitselikis, K. (2004). The legal status of Islam in Greece. Die Welt des İslams, Leiden: 402-431.
Tsitselikis, K. (2005). "1923’ten önce Yunanistan’da Müslüman cemaatler yasal süreklilikler ve ideolojik tutarsızlıklar." Yeniden Kurulan Yaşamlar 1923 Türk- Yunan Zorunlu Nüfus Mübadelesi, (Der: Müfide Pekin), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 341-357.
Onur Yıldırım, (2006). Diplomasi ve göç Türk- Yunan Mübadelesinin öteki yüzü. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Sources for Early Ottoman History / Christopher Markiewicz

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106.     Inşa Collections

Researchers focusing on the period of Ottoman history predating the establishment of what we know as the classical Ottoman bureaucracy and the earliest surviving court records are faced with major challenges when it comes to source material. In this episode, Christopher Markiewicz discusses one type of source that can be used to study this period: insha collections (inşa mecmuaları). While these collections of letters can be used to study diplomacy and the earliest formation of an Ottoman professional bureaucracy, Chris explains some of the ways in which these sources could potentially be used for a wide variety of historical topics related to cultural and social history of the early Ottoman Empire.


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Christopher Markiewicz is a PhD candidate at Chicago University focusing on early modern Ottoman history.
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA focusing on history of science and intellectual history of the Ottoman Empire. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate studying the history of the modern Middle East at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Letter Collections as Sources for Early Ottoman History," Christopher Markiewicz, Chris Gratien, and Nir Shafir, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 106 (May 10, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2012/05/sources-ottoman-empire-bureaucracy.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Left to Right: Chris Markiewicz and Nir Shafir
Istanbul, March 2013

Feridun Beg. Mecmū‘a-yı münşe'āt es-selāṭīn. Istanbul: Daru't-tiba‘ati'l-amire, 1274/1858.

Sa‘di Çelebi. Tacizade Sa‘di Çelebi Münşeatı. Istanbul: İstanbul Matbaası, 1956.

Ubayd Allah Ahrar. The letters of Khwāja ʻUbayd Allāh Aḥrār and his associates. Leiden: Brill, 2002.

Şinasi Tekin. Kırımlu Hafız Hüsam Teressül (Hacı Selimağa, Nurbanu No:122/5). Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures, Harvard University, 2008.

Şinasi Tekin. Menāhicüʾl-inşā; Yaḥya bin Meḥmed el-Kātibʾin 15. yyʾdan kalma en eski Osmanlıca inşâ elkitabı. Giriş, dizin, tıpkıbasım. Cambridge, MA: Orient Press, 1971.

Hasan Ali Esir. Münşeat-i Lami‘i Trabzon. Karadenis Teknik Üniversitesi Matbaası, 2006.


Music: Zeki Müren - Katibim

Türkiye'de Tarih Öğretimi / Emrah Yıldız

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107.   Nasıl Öğretiliyor ve Ne Eksik?

Akademik tarihyazımı ne kadar çeşitli olsa da Türkiye'de tarih öğretimi çok fazla milli ideoloji çerçevesinde yapılmaktadır. Bu bölümümüzde Emrah Yıldız, 50 üniversitenin ders programını inceleyen bir çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda Türkiye'de tarih öğretimi konusunda yapılan hatalardan bahsedip bazı önerileri ileri sürmektedir.

Despite diverse historiographical developments that have changed the way historians understand history, in the realm of education, history is still largely discussed within a nationalist framework. In this episode, Emrah Yıldız critiques this nationalist approach to history and explores the results of a study that examined the topics and content of course offerings at 50 Turkish universities (podcast is in Turkish).


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Osmanlı tarihçiliği üzerine çalışan Emrah Yıldız Mersin Üniversitesi'nde doktorasını yapmaktadır. (bknz. academia.edu)
Harika Zöhre Mersin Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı araştırma görevlisidir. (bknz. academia.edu)
Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır.   (bknz. academia.edu)




SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Harika Zöhre and Emrah Yıldız
Mersin University, May 2013
Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye'de Tarihçilik ve Tarih Yayıncılığı Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, (Edt. Mehmet Öz), TTK Yayınları, Ankara, 2011

İlhan Tekeli, Tarih Bilinci ve Gençlik: Karşılaştırmalı Avrupa ve Türkiye Araştırması, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998

Tekeli, Tarih Yazımı Üzerine Düşünmek, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara, 1998

Ahmet Özcan, Türkiye'de Popüler Tarihçilik 1908-1960, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2011

Salih Özbaran, Tarih, Tarihçi ve Toplum, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007

Salih Özbaran, Güdümlü Tarih, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2003

Salih Özbaran, Geçmişi Güncelleştirmek: Tarihçi İmgesinden Medya Sözcülüğüne, Tarihçi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2011

Tarih Öğretimi ve Ders Kitapları 1994 Buca Sempozyumu, Yay. Haz. Salih Özbaran, Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011

Büşra Ersanlı, İktidar ve Tarih: Türkiye'de "Resmi Tarih" Tezinin Oluşumu (1929-1937), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2003

Oktay Özel, Dün Sancısı: Türkiye'de Geçmiş Algısı ve Akademik Tarihçilik, Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2009

Tarih ve Milliyetçilik I. Ulusal Tarih Kongresi Bildiriler, Mersin Üniversitesi, 1999

Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Sayı 34, 44, 46, 106, 107, 112, 108, 113, 148, 149,152, 229, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul

Taner Timur, Osmanlı Kimliği, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul, 2010

Episode Music: Seyyan Hanım - Mazi

Empire in Translation: Dragomans // Emrah Safa Gürkan

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COMING SOON ON OTTOMAN HISTORY PODCAST
MAY 24, 2013

108.     Traduttore, Traditore!


The Persian Envoy Mirza Mohammed Reza Qazvini at
Finkenstein Castle (Francois Mulard, 1807)
In the early modern Mediterranean, diplomatic and commercial relations were often mediated through a group of interpreters known as dragomans whose role often extended well beyond their linguistic function. In this podcast, Emrah Safa Gürkan discusses the emergence of dragomans within the Ottoman context, their role in the Ottoman capital, and the influence of the use of interpreters more broadly among European states.

Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at İstanbul 29 Mayıs University. His work focuses on early modern Mediterranean and Ottoman History. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Empire in Translation: Dragomans and Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean," Emrah Safa Gürkan and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 108 (May 24, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2013/05/empire-in-translation-dragomans-emrah.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


E. Natalie Rothman, Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012).

E. Natalie Rothman, “Visualizing a Space of Encounter: Intimacy, Alterity and Trans-Imperial Perspective in an Ottoman-Venetian Miniature Album,” The Journal of Ottoman Studies, XL (2012): 39-80.

E. Natalie Rothman, “Interpreting Dragomans: Boundaries and Crossings in the Early Modern Mediterranean”, Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, 4 (October 2009): 771-800.

Christian Luca, “Il bailaggio veneto di Costantinopoli nel Cinque-Seicento: i dragomanni provenienti dalle famiglie Bruti, Borissi, Grillo,” in Dacoromano-Italica: Studie e ricerche sui rapporti italo-romeni nei secoli XVI-XVIII (Cluj-Napolca:Accademia Romena, Centro di Studi Transilvani, 2008), 105-128.

Alexander H. Groot, “Dragomans’ Careers: The Change of Status in Some Families Connected with the British and Dutch Embassies at Istanbul, 1785-1829,” in Friends and Rivals in the East: Studies in Anglo-Dutch Relations in the Levant from the Seventeenth to the Early Nineteenth Century, eds. Alastair Hamilton, Alexander H. de Groot, Maurits van den Boogert (Leiden: Brill, 2000), 223-246.

Alexander H. Groot, “The Dragomans in the Embassies at Istanbul, 1785-1834,” in Eastward Bound: Dutch Ventures and Adventures in the Middle East, eds. Geert van Gelder and Ed de Moor (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994), 130-158.

Francesca Lucchetta, “La scuola dei “giovani di lingua” veneti nei secoli XVI e XVII”, Quaderni di studi arabici, 7 (1989): 19-40.

G. Paladino, “Due dragomanni veneti a Costantinopoli,” Nuovo Archivio Veneto 33 (1917): 183-200.
Marie de Testa and Antoine Gautier, “Les drogmans au service de la France au Levant,” Revue d’histoire diplomatique 105 (1991): 7-101.

G. R. Berridge, “Notes on the Origins of the Diplomatic Corps: Constantinople in the 1620s”, Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, 92 (May 2004): 1-20.

Osmanlı'da Siyasal Ağlar // Güneş Işıksel

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109.     Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Klanı

Her ne kadar modern tarihyazımı tarafından bir meritokrasi olarak tanımlansa da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu adam kayırmacılıktan ve akrabalık ilişkileri etrafında örgütlenen siyasi ağlardan muaf değildi. Bu podcastimizde Dr. Güneş Işıksel, genelde Osmanlı siyasi tarihyazımının ihmal ettiği kapı, hizip ve çıkar grubu gibi kavramlar etrafında 16. yüzyıl'ın ve belki de Osmanlı tarihinin en muktedir vezirlerinden birinin nasıl akrabalarını Osmanlı devletinde kritik noktalara yerleştirdiğini anlatıyor. Sokollu ve ailesinin siyasi kariyeri üzerine odaklanarak, devlet ile devleti oluşturan görevlilerin oluşturduğu hiziplerin çıkarlarının aynı olmadığının altını çizmekle kalmıyor, aynı zamanda devşirme sisteminin sanıldığı gibi ailesiyle bağlarını kaybetmiş, tamamen Sultan'a bağlı, geçmişsiz bir idareci sınıfı yaratamadığını da öne sürüyor.

In this episode, Güneş Işıksel discusses the role of households in Ottoman politics, focusing on the political and social networks surrounding Sokollu Mehmed Paşa, a devshirme recruit who rose to the ranks of Grand Vizier during the reign of Süleyman, Selim II, and Murad III (podcast is in Turkish).


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Yeniçağ Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Diplomasi Tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Güneş Işıksel Collège de France ve Paris-Sorbonne Üniversitesi'nde (Paris IV) doktora sonrası çalışmalarını yürütmektedir. (see academia.edu)
Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Gilles Veinstein, "Sokollu" Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., vol. IX, 735-742.

Gyula Kaldy-Nagy, "Budin Beylerbeyi Mustafa Paşa (1566-1578)," Belleten, 54/210 (1990): 649-663.

Uroš Dakić, “The Sokollu Family Clan and the Politics of Vizierial Households in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century” (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Central European University, 2012).

Rifa’at Ali Abou-El-Haj, “The Ottoman Vezir and Paşa Households: 1683-1703: A Preliminary Report”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 94/4 (1974): 438-447.

Yasemin Metin, "Budin Paşalarının Macarca Yazışmaları Ilk Bölüm (1553-1578)" (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, 2004)

Yasemin Altaylı, « Macarca Mektuplarıyla Budin Beylerbeyi Sokollu Mustafa Paşa (1566-1587), Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 49/2 (2009): 157-171. 

Gustave Bayerle, Ottoman Diplomacy in Hungary: Letters from the Pashas of Buda, 1590-1593 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972).

Feridun Emecen, “Osmanlı Hanedanına Alternatif Arayışları Üzerine Bazı Örnekler ve Mülahazalar, İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (2001): 63-76.

Metin Kunt, “Sultan, Dynasty and State in the Ottoman Empire: Political Institutions in the 16th century,” The Medieval History journal / Special Issue on Tributary Empires, 6/2 (November 2003): 217-230.

Metin Kunt, “Ethnic-Regional (Cins) Solidarity in the Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Establishment”, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 5/3 (1974): 233-239.

Occupy Gezi: History, Politics, Practice

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110.Resistanbul

Taksim Barracks (as stadium) c1930s
For over a week now, Istanbul and increasingly city centers in many parts of Turkey have witnessed the rise of an unprecedented protest movement variously referred to as Occupy Gezi or Resistanbul. Western media has been quick to herald another Arab Spring-type revolutionary event in the Muslim world while the Turkish government and media have largely downplayed the significant of these events. In this podcast, we will try to take a closer look at the nature of these protests, which began as an occupation of a park slated for destruction and are now something much more, considering the historical and political contexts as well as providing a first-hand description of what protests both in and outside of Istanbul look like.

Part One: Urban Transformation and Politics: the historical context and development of Occupy Gezi


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In part one of this podcast, we discuss the history of the Taksim area and Gezi Parkı in particular, focusing on the role of this space and its transformation in Turkish politics from the late Ottoman period onward. We then examine the wider political context of resistance to current government policies and the growth of the latest protest movement in Turkey.

Part Two: Occupying Space: political discontent in the twenty first century


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In part two of this podcast, we examine the anatomy of the Occupy Gezi movement and some aspects of its spread into different parts of Turkey and discuss possible implications of these protests within the wider context of Turkish politics as well as seemingly similar "leaderless revolutions" that coalesce around social media activity and the occupation of public space around the world.

Nilay Özlü is a PhD student at Boğaziçi University researching the urban transformation of Istanbul (see academia.edu)
Stefan Martens is a contributor at Hurriyet Daily News
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history (see academia.edu)
Elçin Arabacı is a PhD candidate at Georgetown Unversity focusing on the transformation of civil society in the late Ottoman period (see academia.edu)
Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at 29 Mayıs University whose research focuses on the early modern Mediterranean (academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

USEFUL LINKS




IMAGES


Postcard Displaying Taksim Barracks (Topçu Kışlası) c1911

Pevitich Insurance Map Depiction of Gezi Parkı (c1945)

Sign Reads "Park Not Barracks" (May 29, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protest Organization, Gezi Parkı (May 29, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

United Metalwork Syndicate (May 30, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protest signs: sign on the left reads "Recep, give me a kiss" (May 30, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Lemons for fighting effects of tear gas used to spell out T.C. (Türk Cumhuriyeti - Turkish Republic)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Police Use Gas at Protest in Gezi Parkı (May 31, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü


Taksim Square (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Demonstrations in Gümüşsuyu, Istanbul (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Ataturk statue in Taksim Square (June 5, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Protesters build barricade in Antakya (Hatay), Turkey (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien

Demonstration in Uğur Mumcu Square in Antakya (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien


Demonstration in Heykel Square in Bursa, Turkey (June 1, 2013)
Photograph by Elçin Arabacı

Demonstrations in Barış Park in Mersin, Turkey (June 3, 2013)
Photograph by Chris Gratien


Graffiti in Taksim area (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Supplies arrive in Gezi Parkı (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Needed supplies (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Food donation tent in Gezi Parkı (June 4, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Protester sitting in captured bus (June 6, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

Gezi Park Library (June 6, 2013)
Photograph by Nilay Özlü

The Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman World / Denise Klein

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111.    The Girays and the Ottomans

"Tatars travelling on the plains"
Carlo Bossoli, 1856
Although it was not an Ottoman province, Crimea was politically, militarily, and economically critical to Ottoman power in Eastern Europe, and the suzerainty of the Giray dynasty that governed Crimea for over three centuries was ultimately what held off Russian expansion and made the Black Sea truly an "Ottoman lake." In this episode, Denise Klein discusses the role of the Crimean Khanate in the Ottoman world and gives us an overview of the history, society, and culture of this political space. Drawing on her own research, she also uses a comparison of Ottoman and Crimean historiography to examine how these vassals understood their place in the Ottoman equation and how writers on opposing sides of the Black Sea interpreted and represented events in different ways. 


MP3 File

Denise Klein is a doctoral candidate at the University of Konstanz, Germany focusing the history and historiography of Ottoman Crimea (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history (see academia.edu)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


Denise Klein, Koç University RCAC
Istanbul, June 2013
Bennigsen, Alexandre, Pertev N. Boratav, Dilek Desaive, and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, Le Khanat de Crimée dans les archives du Musée du palais de Topkapı, Paris 1978.
Fisher, Alan W., The Crimean Tatars, Stanford 1978.
Jobst, Kerstin S., Die Perle des Imperiums. Der russische Krim-Diskurs im Zarenreich, Konstanz 2007.
Kançal-Ferrari, Nicole, Kırım'dan Kalan Miras Hansaray, Istanbul 2005.
Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara, Joachim Gierlichs, and Brigitte Heuer (eds.), Islamic Art and Architecture in the European Periphery: Crimea, Caucasus, and the Volga-Ural Region, Wiesbaden 2008.
Kırımlı, Hakan, Türkiye'deki Kırım Tatar ve Nogay Köy Yerleşimleri, Istanbul 2012.
Klein, Denise (ed.), The Crimean Khanate between East and West (15th-18th Century), Wiesbaden 2012.
Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz, The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century); A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents, Leiden 2011.
Kurat, Akdes Nimet, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivindeki Altın Ordu, Kırım ve Türkistan hanlarına ait yarlık ve bitikler, Istanbul 1940.
Zajcev, Il’ja V., Krymskaja istoriografičeskaja tradicija XV–XIX vv.: puti razvitija, rukopisi, teksty i istočniki, Moscow 2009.

Anadolu'ya Bir Göç Öyküsü // Mehtap Çelik

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112.    Mersin Atlılar Köyü 

Eski Çerkez Göçmen Evi, Atlılar Köyü (2010)
Osmanlının 19. yy’da karşılaştığı en büyük sosyal ve politik meselelerden biri şüphesiz ki muhacir sorunudur. Rus devleti, eski Osmanlı toprakları olan Kafkasya ve Kırım’a yerleşmeye yönelik bir siyaseti benimseyip bölgedeyayıldıkça, yerli Müslüman nüfusa kaçmaktan başka bir çare kalmamıştı. Osmanlı, devlet nüfuzunun sınırlı olduğu seyrek nüfuslu bölgelere, yeni gelenleri yerleştirmek için yoğun çaba sarfetti. Ciddi sıkıntılara girerek, Anadolu ve Suriye boyunca sayısız muhacir yerleşimi kuruldu. Bu yerleşimlerin bir çoğu zamanın getirdiklerine dayanamadı ama Adana-Mersin bölgesinden bir örnek olan Atlılar köyünde Muhacirler kuşaklar boyunca varlıklarını sürdürebildiler. Bu bölümümüzde Mehtap Çelik, Atlılar Köyü ile ilgili yaptığı araştırmadan bahsetmektedir.

During the nineteenth century, one of the major social and political issues faced by the Ottoman Empire was Muslim immigration from the Russian sphere. As the Russian Empire expanded into Crimea and the Caucasus, hundreds of thousands of individuals flocked to the Ottoman lands. The Ottoman state sought to settle these newcomers in sparsely populated regions where state power was limited. Not without serious hardship, numerous settlements were founded throughout Anatolia and Syria. Many did not withstand the test of time, but in this episode, Mehtap Çelik tells the story of one such settlement, the Circassian village of Atlılar near Mersin (podcast is in Turkish).


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Mehtap Çelik Mersin Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü'nde ders vermektedir. 
Harika Zöhre Mersin Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı araştırma görevlisidir. (bkz. academia.edu)
Yakınçağ Orta Doğu Tarihi çalışan Chris Gratien Georgetown Üniversitesi'nde doktora yapmaktadır.   (bkz. academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA

Mersin İskelesi (19. yüzyılın sonları)
Sözlü tarih bilgileri özellikle Mehtep Çelik ve Tülin Selvi Ünlü'nün tarafında 2010'da Habibe Şahin ile yapılan görüşmeden kaynaklanmaktadır

Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (Istanbul)
Tarsus Şeriyye Sicilleri (Milli Kütüphanesi, Ankara)

Bala, Mirza, “Çerkesler”, İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 3 (1986).
Barker, William Burckhardt, Cilicia and its Governers, Ingram, London: Cooke and Co.,1853.
Bice, Hayati, Kafkaslar’dan Anadoluya Göçler, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara, 1991.
Çavdar, Tevfik. Bir Örgüt Ustasının Yaşam Öyküsü, Ankara 1984.
Develi, Şinasi, Dünden Bugüne Mersin, 1836-1990, MTSO Yayınları, Mersin, 2001.
Habiçoğlu, Bedri, Kafkaslardan Anadolu’ya Göçler, Nart Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1993.
Bozkurt, İbrahim, Salnamelerde Mersin, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, 2001.
Karayandı, Fatih, Ceyhan ve Yöresindeki Kırım Tatarları ve Nogaylar, Ceyhan Belediyesi Kültür Hizmetleri, Adana, 2006.
Tavkul, Ufuk, Karaçay-Malkar Destanları, Türk Dil kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2004.
Tuna, Rahmi, “Çerkeslerin Kafkasya’dan Göçü”, İstanbul Kafkas Kültür Derneği Konferansları No: 3 (1977).
Saydam, Abdullah, Kırım ve Kafkas Göçleri, Ankara, 1997.
Selvi Ünlü, Tülin, 19. Yüzyılda Mersin’in Kentsel Gelişimi, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, 2004.
W.E.D. Allen-Paul Muratoff, Kafkas Harekatı: 1828-1921 Türk-Kafkas Sınırındaki Harplerin Tarihi, Genelkurmay Basımevi, Ankara, 1966.
Zoroğlu, Levent, Tarsus Tarihi ve Tarihsel Anıtları, Kemal Matbaası, Adana 1975.

MÜZİK 

Myaskovsky - Symphony 23 (on Kabardian themes)
Abida Omar'ın Ürdün'de yaptığı performansı

GÖRSELLER


Women in Dagestan (Prokudin-Gorskii, c1910)



Pyotr Nikolayevich Gruzinsky, The Mountaineers Leave the Aul (1872)

Circassian Village, Wadi Seer, Jordan (c1920)
Group portrait of eight Circassian men in uniform, with another man, possibly an Ottoman official
Abdullah Frères, c1880-1900 
Circassians (Oswald Madet c1920) from Pierre Redan, La Cilicie et le
probleme ottoman


Local Autonomy and the Tanzimat / Elektra Kostopoulou

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113.    The Question of Late Ottoman Decentralization

Turkish official with 'sole survivor'
of village of 350 in Candia, Crete (1897)
Source: Library of Congress
The Tanzimat era is conventionally viewed as a period of centralization in the Ottoman Empire, and as such, any concessions to local interests or extensions of autonomy during this period are viewed as a failure of state policy. However, given the aspects of decentralization also contained within late Ottoman reform, it is worth considering local autonomy as a strategy employed by the Ottomans in their attempt to govern disparate territories. In this episode, Elektra Kostopoulou explores these issues and discusses the transformation of Ottoman rule in Crete during the nineteenth century and the eventual creation of an autonomous region the in 1898.


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Elektra Kostopoulou holds a PhD in History from Boğaziçi University and is currently a visiting scholar at New York University. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University. (see academia.edu)

Citation: "Local Autonomy and the Tanzimat: the Case of Crete," Elektra Kostopoulou and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 113 (July 11, 2013) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2011/07/autonomous-crete-greece.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


Flag of Autonomous Crete (1898-1913)
Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim. The View from Istanbul: Lebanon and the Druze Emirate in the Ottoman Chancery Documents, 1546-1711. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.

Abu-Manneh, Butrus. “Jerusalem in the Tanzimat Period: The New Ottoman Administration and the Notables.” Die Welt Des Islams 30, no. 1/4 (1990): 143-168. doi:10.2307/1571044.

———. “Mehmed Ali Pasa and Sultan Mahmud II: The Genesis of a Conflict.” Turkish Historical Review 1, no. 1 (2010): 1–24. doi:10.1163/187754610X495003.

———. “The Sultan and the Bureaucracy: The Anti-Tanzimat Concepts of Grand Vizier Mahmud Nedim Paşa.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, no. 03 (1990): 257–274. doi:10.1017/S0020743800034061.

Adıyeke, Ayşe Nükhet. Fethinden kaybına Girit. İstanbul: Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı, 2007.

Anscombe, Frederick F., ed. The Ottoman Balkans, 1750-1830. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2006.

Barkey, Karen. Bandits and Bureaucrats : the Ottoman Route to State Centralization. Ithaca  N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1997.

Blumi, I. “Teaching Loyalty in the Late Ottoman Balkans: Educational Reform in the Vilayets of Manastir and Yanya, 1878-1912.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 21, no. 1–2 (January 2001): 15–23. doi:10.1215/1089201X-21-1-2-15.

Çetinsaya, Gökhan. Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908. London: Rutledge, 2006.

Deringil, Selim. “Legitimacy Structures in the Ottoman State: The Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909).” International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, no. 3 (August 1991): 345–359.

———. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909. London: I.B. Tauris, 1999.

———. “‘They Live in a State of Nomadism and Savagery’: The Late Ottoman Empire and the Post-Colonial Debate.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 45, no. 02 (2003): 311–342. doi:10.1017/S001041750300015X.

Doumani, Beshara. Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900. Berkley: University of California Press, 1995.

Eldem, Edhem, "Ottoman Financial Integration with Europe: Foreign Loans, the Ottoman Bank and the Ottoman Public Debt.” European Review 13, no. 3 (2005): 431–445.

Emrence, Cem. “Imperial Paths, Big Comparisons: The Late Ottoman Empire.” Journal of Global History 3 (2008): 289–311.

Fahmy, Khaled. All The Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. New York: American University in Cairo Press, 1997.

Greene, Molly. A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Heper, Metin. “Center and Periphery in the Ottoman Empire: With Special Reference to the Nineteenth Century.” International Political Science Review 1, no. 1 (1980): 81–105.

Kafadar, Cemal. “The Question of Ottoman Decline.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 4, no. 1 (1998 1997): 30–75.

Kayalı, Hasan. Arabs and Young Turks : Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1918. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Khoury, Dina Rizk, and Dane Kennedy. “Comparing Empires: The Ottoman Domains and the British Raj in the Long Nineteenth Century.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27, no. 2 (2007): 233–244.

Klein, Janet. The Margins of Empire Kurdish: Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2011.

Konortas, Paraskevas. “From Ta’ife to Millet: Ottoman Terms for the Greek Orthodox Community.” In Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Nineteenth Century, edited by D. Gondicas and C. P Issawi. Princeton: Darwin Press, 1999.

Kuehn, Thomas. Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference : Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1849-1919. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011.

Makdisi, Ussama Samir. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2000.

Mikhail, Alan, and Christine M. Philliou. “The Ottoman Empire and the Imperial Turn.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 04 (2012): 721–745. doi:10.1017/S0010417512000394.

Philliou, Christine M, “The Ottoman Empire’s Absent Nineteenth Century: Autonomous Subjects.” In Untold Histories of the Middle East: Recovering Voices from the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Amy Singer, Christoph K. Neumann, and Selçuk Akşin Somel, 143–178. Oxon: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

Powell, Eve Troutt. A Different Shade of Colonialism: Egypt, Great Britain, and the Mastery of the Sudan. Berkley: University of California Press, 2003.

Rogan, Eugene L. Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.


Yazbak, Maḥmūd. Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864-1914: A Muslim Town in Transition. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

IMAGES

Postcard of Crete


Küçük Hasan or Janissaries’ mosque in Chania (western Crete), 17th century
Source: Elektra Kostopoulou

Arrival of the Post

Cretan Gendarmerie



Music: Ross Daly - Hatif

Painting the Peasant in Modern Turkey / Seçil Yılmaz

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114.    The Art of Nation-Making

Melahat Ekinci
"Aydınlı Kadın," 1940.
During the interwar period, nationalist and socialist movements throughout the world looked to the peasant as both the source and object of state programs wherein establishing a link between the center and the provinces was a critical part of fostering the sense of nation devised by elite intellectuals. In Turkey, the ideas of Ziya Gökalp regarding the importance of the Anatolian villager in the development of Turkish national culture are a prominent example of how interwar nationalists saw the peasant as the stuff of the nation. Within this context, various programs designed to link the center and the periphery both economically and culturally emerged, and in this episode, Seçil Yılmaz discusses one such project, which sent professionally-trained Turkish painters into the Anatolian countryside over the period of 1938 to 1943 to create artistic depictions of the Turkish nation.


MP3 File
iTunes

Seçil Yılmaz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of History at City University of New York studying disease and medicine in the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)
Sam Dolbee is a PhD candidate in the department of Middle East Studies at New York University

Citation: "Painting the Peasant in Modern Turkey, 1938-1943," Seçil Yılmaz, Chris Gratien, and Samuel Dolbee, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 114, http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2010/07/art-painting-turkey-anatolia.html.

IMAGES

These images have been published by the Milli Reasürans Art Gallery in Istanbul in a book entitled Yurt gezileri ve yurt resimleri

Abidin Dino, "Kadın," 1939.

Ali Avni Çelebi, "Hasat," 1938.

Feyhaman Duran, "İsimsiz," 1939.

Halil Dikmen, "Saydaş Yolundan," 1941.

Hamit Görele, "Sivaslı Gelin," 1941.

İlhami Demirci, "Midyat Pazarı," 1941.

Melahat Ekinci, "Aydınlı Kadın," 1940.

Nurullah Berk, "Amasya Yemişler," 1940.

Refik Ekipman, "Hatay’da Genç Kız," 1941.

Saim Özeren, "Beyşehir," 1939.


SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


Seçil Yılmaz, July 2013
Kurtuluş, Istanbul
Akgül, Alphan. “Sanatçının Kendiliğinden Felsefesi, Görsel İdeoloji ve Ressamların yurt Gezileri”, Dipnot, no. 1, (Yaz 2003).

Dino, Abidin. Kısa Hayat Öyküm, ed.Ferit Edgü. İstanbul : YKY, 1995.

Erol, Turan. “Ressamların Yurt Gezileri ve Sonuçları” in Yurt Gezileri ve Yurt Resimleri, İstanbul: Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 1998.

Germener, Sema. “Cumhuriyet Resmi” in Cumhuriyetin Renkleri Biçimleri, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları,1998.

Karaduman, Hüseyin “Eski Eser Yasalarında Özel Müzeler, Koleksiyonculuk, Ticaret ve Müzayedeler, in 4. Müzecilik Semineri : Bildiriler 16 - 18 Eylül 1998. İstanbul : Askeri Müze, 1998.

Karaömerlioğlu, Asım M. “Tek Parti Dönemi’nde Halkçılık”, in Modern Türkiye'de Siyasi Düşünce: Kemalizm, Murat Belge (ed.). İstanbul : İletişim Yayınları, 2004.

Karaömerlioğlu, Asım M. “Tek Parti Döneminde Halkevleri ve Halkçılık”, Toplum Bilim 88, (Bahar 2001)

Koçak, Orhan. “1920’lerden 1970’lere Kültür Politikaları” in Modern Türkiye'de Siyasi Düşünce: Kemalizm Murat Belge (ed.). İstanbul : İletişim Yayınları, 2004.

Öndin, Nilüfer. Cumhuriyet’in Kültür Politikası ve Sanat, İnsancıl Yayınları:İstanbul, 2003.

Yaman, Zeynep Yasa.  “ Değişen Manzaralar: Kültür ve Modernite”, Sanat Dünyamız, no.89, (Güz 2003).

Yurt Gezileri ve Yurt Resimleri, İstanbul: Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 1998.

"Kadı"nın Günlüğü // Selim Karahasanoğlu

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115.    Osmanlı'da günlük

Sadreddinzade günlüğünden
örnek sayfalar
Kaynak: BOA, KK 7500, 158-159
Osmanlı tarihyazımında cevabı aranan önemli bir soru da Osmanlı kültüründe günlük, anı, hatırat gibi ben anlatılarının bulunup bulunmadığıdır. Bu bölümümüzde Selim Karahasanoğlu ile son çalışması Sadreddinzade Telhisi Mustafa Efendi ceridesi hakkında konuştuk. 18. yüzyılın önde gelen ulema ailelerinden birine mensup bu Osmanlı kadısının 24 yıl boyunca düzenli olarak tuttuğu bu günlüğün tarihsel kaynak olarak değerine ve  Avrupa'daki diğer örneklerle arasındaki fark ve benzerliklere değindik. Ayrıca, yazma kütüphanelerinde karşılaşılan kurumsal zorlukların nasıl Osmanlı kültür tarihi araştırmalarının önünü tıkadığının altını çizerek, bir kaç eser üzerinden genellemeler yapmanın zorluğundan bahsettik.


MP3 File
18. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihi üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Selim Karahasanoğlu İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see his page)
Yeniçağ Akdeniz ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine uzmanlaşan Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu)

SEÇME KAYNAKÇA


Selim Karahasanoğlu
Akçetin, Elif. “A Frustrated Scholar of the Post-Conquest Generation: Wang Jingqi (1672-1726) and his Casual Jottings of my Journey to the West (1724).” Basılmamış Makale.
Behrendt, S. D. A. J. H. Latham, D. Northrup. The Diary of Antera Duke, an Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Beydilli, Kemal. Osmanlı Döneminde İmamlar ve Bir İmamın Günlüğü (İstanbul: TATAV, 2001).
Çeçen, Halil, haz. Niyazî-i Mısrî’nin Hatıraları (İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları, 2006).
Çelebi, İlyas. “Rüya.” DİA, cilt: 35 (İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2008), 306-309.
Di Cosmo, Nicola. haz., The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My Service in the Army,” by Dzengšeo (London: Routledge, 2007).
Elger, Ralf ve Yavuz Köse. eds. Many Ways of Speaking About the Self: Middle Eastern Ego-Documents in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish (14th-20thcentury) (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010).
Erünsal, İsmail E. “Bir Osmanlı Efendisi’nin Günlüğü: Sadreddinzâde Telhisî Mustafa Efendi ve Cerîdesi.” Kaynaklar, 2 (1984): 77-81.
“Türk Edebiyatı Tarihinin Arşiv Kaynakları III: Telhisî Mustafa Efendi Ceridesi,” Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1983): 37-42.
Hassam, Andrew. Writing and Reality: A Study of Modern British Diary Fiction (Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993).
_____.“Reading Other People’s Diaries.” University of Toronto Quarterly, 56: 3 (1987): 435-442.
Houldbrooke, Ralph, ed. English Family Life, 1576-1716: An Anthology from Diaries (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
Huff, Cynthia A. “Reading a Re-Vision: Approaches to Reading Manuscript Diaries.” Biography, 23: 3 (2000): 504-523.
Işıközlü, Fazıl. “Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivinde Yeni Bulunmuş Olan ve Sadreddin Zâde Telhisî Mustafa Efendi Tarafından Tutulduğu Anlaşılan H. 1123 (1711)-1148 (1735) Yıllarına Ait Bir Ceride (Jurnal) ve Eklentisi.” 7. Türk Tarih Kongresi: Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, cilt: 2 (Ankara: TTK, 1973), 508-534.
Jarrick, Arne. Back to Modern Reason: Johan Hjerpe and Other Petit Bourgeois in Stockholm in the Age of Enlightenment (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999).
Jones, Susan E. “Reading Leonard Thompson: The Diary of a Nineteenth-Century New Englander.” Atenea, 24: 2 (2004): 117-127.
Kafadar, Cemal. “Self and Others: The Diary of a Dervish in Seventeenth Century Istanbul and First-Person Narratives in Ottoman Literature.” Studia Islamica, 69 (1989): 121-150.
Káldy Nagy, Gy.  “Kādī: Ottoman Empire.” EI2, cilt: 4(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978), 375.
Karahasanoğlu, Selim. “A Tulip Age Legend: Consumer Behavior and Material Culture in the Ottoman Empire (1718-1730).” Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2009.
_____.“Osmanlı Literatüründe Ben-Anlatılarına (Ego-dokumente) Katkı: Sadreddinzade Telhisi Mustafa Efendi Günlüğü (1711-1735).” 20th Ciépo Symposium, New Trends in Ottoman Studies: Programme&Abstracts(Rethymno: Grafotehniki, 2012), 87-88.
_____.“1700′lerin başında Kadı Mustafa Efendi’nin Günlüğünden: Cariyeyi Rızasız Eve Kapayan Doktor Dükkânı Önünde Asıldı.” Atlas Tarih, 12 (2012): 45.
_____. "İstanbul'un Lale Devri mi?: Tarih ve Tarih Yazımı." Tarih İçinde İstanbul Uluslararası Sempozyumu: Bildiriler, yay. haz. D. Hut, Z. Kurşun, A. Kavas (İstanbul, 2011), 440-443.
Kuhn-Osius, K. Eckhard. “Making Loose End Meets: Private Journals in the Public Realm.” The German Quarterly, 54: 2 (1981): 166-176.
Lejeune, Philippe. “The Practive of the Private Journal: Chronicle of an Investigation (1986-1998).” Marginal Voices, Marginal Forms: Diaries in European Literature and History(Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1999), 185-211.
Makdisi, George. “The Diary in Islamic Historiography: Some Notes.” History and Theory, 25: 2 (1986): 173-185.
_____.Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdad-V.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies [BSOAS], 19: 3 (1957): 426-443.
_____.Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdad-IV.” BSOAS, 19: 2 (1957): 281-303.
_____.Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdad-III.” BSOAS, 19: 1 (1957): 13-48.
_____.Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdad-II.” BSOAS, 18: 2 (1956): 239-60.
_____.Diary of an Eleventh-Century Historian of Baghdad-I.BSOAS, 18: 1 (1956): 9-31.
Matthews, William. American Diaries: An Annotated Bibliography of American Diaries Written Prior to the Year 1861 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1945).
_____.British Diaries: An Annotated Bibliography of British Diaries Written between 1442 and 1942 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950).
Paperno, Irina. “What Can Be Done with Diaries?.” The Russian Review, 63 (2004): 561-573.
Ransel, David L. A Russian Merchant’s Tale: The Life and Adventures of Ivan Alekseevich Tolchënov, Based on His Diary (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009).
_____.“The Diary of a Merchant: Insights into Eighteenth-Century Plebeian Life.” The Russian Review, 63 (2004): 594-608.
Sajdi, Dana. “A Room of His Own: The ‘History’ of the Barber of Damascus (fl. 1762).” The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies, 3 (2003).
_____.Peripheral Visions: The Worlds and Worldviews of Commoner Chroniclers in the 18th Century Ottoman Levant.” Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Columbia University, 2002.
Saleh, Nabil. The Qadi and the Fortune Teller(Northampton: Interlink Publishing, 2008).
Sherman, Stuart. Telling Time: Clocks, Diaries and English Diurnal Form, 1660-1785 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996).
Struve, Lynn A.  “Self-Struggles of a Martyr: Memories, Dreams, and Obsessions in the Extant Diary of Huang Chunyao.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 69: 2 (2009): 343-394.
Şeyh Ahmet El-Bedirî El-Hallâk. Berber Bedirî’nin Günlüğü, 1741-1762: Osmanlı Taşra Hayatına İlişkin Olaylar. çev. Hasan Yüksel (Ankara: Akçağ, 1995).
Terzioğlu, Derin. “Man in the Image of God in the Image of the Times: Sufi Self-Narratives and the Diary of Niyazi-i Misri (1618-94).” Studia Islamica, 94 (2002): 139-165.
_____.“Sufi and Dissident in the Ottoman Empire Niyazi-i Mısri (1618-1694).” Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Harvard University, 1999.
Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).
Webb,Nigel ve Caroline. The Earl and His Butler in Constantinople: The Secret Diary of an English Servant among the Ottomans (London: I. B. Tauris, 2009).
White, Sam. The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).
Zilfi, Madeline C. “Bir Müderrisin Günlüğü: Osmanlı Biyografi Çalışmaları İçin Yeni Bir Kaynak.” çev. Selim Karahasanoğlu, Doğu Batı, 20 (2002): 184-194.

The Kurdish Music Industry: History and Politics / Alev Kuruoğlu

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116.    Kurdish Cassettes and the Anatolian Underground

Şakiro, Dengbej Performer
The situation of Kurdish language and culture in Turkey is one that has been very much in flux within an ever-changing political climate. The Kurdish music industry has become increasingly lively in recent years under more favorable legal conditions, though even still, many feel that the scene remains underground. Because of its tenuous legal status, the production of Kurdish music irrespective of lyrical content has also historically carried an inherent political meaning. Meanwhile, producers and artists operating under difficult conditions have faced challenges when trying to distribute and sell their music. In this podcast, Alev Kuruoğlu discusses the history of Kurdish music recordings both in Turkey and abroad and the development of the Kurdish music industry.
iTunes

Alev Kuruoğlu is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Business at Bilkent University (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at Georgetown University (see academia.edu)

Şivan Perwer
TRACK LIST

Şakiro - Ez Rebenim
Ayşe Şan - Zeri Heyran
Şivan Perwer - Yar Merhaba
Şivan Perwer - Halepçe
Agire Jiyan - Adare
Koma Amed - Amediye
Ahmet Kaya - Ağladıkça
Kardeş Türküler - Kerwane
Mehmet Atlı - Pişmamo

Further Listening

Note that some of these are re-issues of cassettes produced in Europe in the 1980s/90s, some of them are re-issues of “home” recordings. Therefore, the years in parantheses do not refer to the year they were recorded but rather to the date that this particular album, in CD format, was issued. 

Dengbej/ Traditional

Ayşe Şan
Ayşe Şan – Stranen Bijarti (2007) Kom Müzik
Şakiro – Bave Fexro (1998) Aydın Müzik
Karapete Xaço – Edule (2000) Kom Müzik
Aram Tigran – Çiyaye Gebare (2004) Aydın Müzik
Salihe Qubini – Zeyne (2001) Medya Müzik
Ape Bekir – Nalina Serhede (2007) Medya Müzik
Gazin – Evdale Zeynike (2001) Aydın Müzik

Diaspora Artists (active since the 1970s-80s)

Şivan Perwer – Agiri/ Yar Merhaba (1982) – re-issued in Turkey by Ses Plak; Şivanname 1&2 (2012) Pel Records
Nizamettin Ariç – Rojek te; album: Daye (1987), re-issued in Turkey by Ses Plak; Azadi (2011) Kalan Müzik
Beytocan – Axinate Nalinamın (2001) Silvana Müzik
Ali Baran  - Dem e Dem e (2007), Aydın Müzik; Çel Awaz (2012) Baran Müzik
Xemgin Birhat – Jin u Hebun (2012) Kom Müzik

1990s Political Music Scene: Istanbul MKM-based 

Ahmet Kaya
Koma Amed – Derguş (1997 – Ses Plak)
Agire Jiyan – Adare (1995 – Ses Plak)
Koma Denge Azadi – Fedi (1998) Ses Plak
Koma Çiya  - Dilana Besinor (1998) Kom Müzik
Koma Rojhilat – Mezrabotanım Ez (1997)  Kom Müzik

Late 1990s/2000s – New Sounds

Kardeş Türküler – Doğu (1997) Kalan Müzik
Metin-Kemal Kahraman* – Ferfecir (1999) Lizge Müzik (zazaki)
Çarnewa – Mak (2002) Kom Müzik
Agire Jiyan
Aynur (Doğan) – Keçe Kurdan (2004) Kalan Müzik; Rewend (2010) Sony Müzik
Rojda – Sebra Mın (2006) Kom Müzik; Hat (2011) Kom Müzik
Mikail Aslan* – Zernkut (2008 / Kalan Müzik) (zazaki)
Mehmet Atlı – Jahr (2003 Anadolu Müzik); Wenda (2008 Kom Müzik)
Bajar – Nezbe / Yaklaş (2009) Kalan Müzik
Serhado – Heyale Evin (2009) Kom Müzik
Burhan Berken – Evar (2011) Anadolu Müzik
Siya Şeve – Beyom (2012) self-produced (https://myspace.com/siyaseve)

Sufism and the Ottoman Empire // John Curry

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117.    Tekkes and Tariqas

Sufism has played an important role in Muslim spiritual, intellectual, and political life since the earliest periods of Islam's spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. In this episode, John Curry discusses the history of Sufism and its place during the Ottoman period, exploring the intellectual, political, and social dimensions of Sufi movements.


MP3 File
iTunes

John J. Curry is an Assistant Professor of History at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (see faculty page)
Nir Shafir is a PhD candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history (see academia.edu)
Emrah Safa Gürkan is an Assistant Professor at 29 Mayıs University whose research focuses on the early modern Mediterranean (see academia.edu)

SELECT PUBLICATIONS

Curry, John J., and Erik S. Ohlander. Sufism and Society: Arrangements of the Mystical in the Muslim World, 1200-1800. London: Routledge, 2012.

Curry, John J. The Transformation of Muslim Mystical Thought in the Ottoman Empire The Rise of the Halveti Order, 1350-1650. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.

Curry, John J. "Defending the Cult of Saints in Seventeenth-Century Kastamonu" in Colin Imber and Keiko Kiyotaki. Frontiers of Ottoman Studies State, Province, and the West. Volume 1 Volume 1. London: I.B. Tauris, 2005.


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