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Armenian Migration During the Late Ottoman Period | David Gutman

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E190 | For more than a century, waves of Armenian migrants have come to the United States variously seeking economic opportunity or fleeing political violence and persecution. In this episode, Susanna Ferguson sits down with David Gutman to discuss his research on the origins of Armenian migration to the United States and elsewhere during the late Ottoman period, and they explore how shifts in migration patterns reflected the broader political shifts in the empire during its last decades.




David Gutman is an Assistant Professor at Manhattanville College in Purchase, NY. He completed his PhD at Binghamton University with a dissertation titled, "Sojourners, Smugglers, and the State: Transhemispheric Migration Flows and the Politics of Mobility in Eastern Anatolia, 1888-1908." His research interests include the politics of migration and migration control, the intersection of mobility and citizenship, social and political history of Ottoman peripheries, and Ottoman Armenians in the last decades of empire. (academia.edu)
Susanna Ferguson is a PhD candidate in Middle Eastern History at Columbia University, where she focuses on the history of women and gender in the Arab world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (academia.edu)

Listeners might also like:

#052Ottoman Migration from the Eastern Mediterranean | Andrew Arsan
#172Migrant Workers in Ottoman Anatolia | Chris Gratien
#161Reconstituting the Stuff of the Nation | Lerna Ekmekçioğlu
#174The Life of Zabel Yessayan | Jennifer Manoukian
#187Kurdish Alevi Music and Migration | Ozan Aksoy

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Akçam, Taner and Ümit Kurt. Kanunların Ruhu: Emval-i Metruke Kanunlarında Soykırımın İzini Sürmek. (Istanbul, 2012).

Der Matossian, Bedross. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014.

Gutman, David. “Agents of Mobility: Migrant Smuggling Networks, Transhemispheric Migration, and Time-Space Compression in Ottoman Anatolia, 1888-1908.” Interdisciplines, 1 (2012), pp. 48-84.

Gutman, David. “Armenian Migration to North America, State Power, and Local Politics in the Late Ottoman Empire.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Vol  34, No. 1 (forthcoming, Spring 2014). 

Khater, Akram Fouad. Inventing Home: Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon, 1870-1920. (Berkeley, 2001).

Mirak, Robert. Torn Between Two Lands: Armenians in America 1890 to World War I (Cambridge, 1983).

The Lives of Ottoman Children | Nazan Maksudyan

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150.     From the Mouths of Babes

Much has been written about shifts in the concept of childhood and the structure of families, particularly for the period following industrialization. However, seldom do the voices and experiences of children find their way into historical narratives. In this podcast, Nazan Maksudyan offers some insights about how to approach the history of children and childhood and discusses the lives of Ottoman children during the empire's last decades.



Nazan Maksudyan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Istanbul Kemerburgaz University. Her work examines the social, cultural, and economic history of children and youth during the late Ottoman period. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University researching the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)

Listeners might also like:

#102Child and Nation in Early Republican Turkey | Yasemin Gencer
#119World War I and the Ottoman Homefront | Yiğit Akın
#047Muslim Families and Households in Ottoman Syria | Chris Gratien 

Citation: "The Lives of Ottoman Children," Nazan Maksudyan and Chris Gratien, Ottoman History Podcast, No. 150 (22 March 2014) http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/2014/03/children-childhood-ottoman-empire-turkey.html.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nazan Maksudyan, Orphans and Destitute Children in Late Ottoman Empire (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2014).

Nazan Maksudyan, “Foster-Daughter or Servant, Charity or Abuse: Beslemes in the Late Ottoman Empire”, Journal of Historical Sociology, vol. 21, no. 4, December 2008, pp. 488-512.

Yahya Araz, Osmanlı Toplumunda Çocuk Olmak (İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2013).

Mine Göğüş Tan, Özlem Şahin, Mustafa Sever, Aksu Bora, Cumhuriyet'te Çocuktular (İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2007).
François Georgeon, Klaus Kreiser (eds.), Childhood and Youth in the Muslim World (Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2007).

Elizabeth W. Fernea, ed., Children in the Muslim Middle East (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 1996).

_________, ed., Remembering Childhood in the Middle East: Memoirs from a Century of Change (Austin: Univ. of Texas Press, 2003).

Karen Sanchez-Eppler, Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American Culture (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2005).

Carl Ipsen, Italy in the Age of Pinocchio: Children and Danger in the Liberal Era (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006).

Marjatta Rahikainen, Centuries of Child Labor: European Experiences from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century (Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, 2004).

IMAGES

Nursery/Wet-nursing Ward (ırzahane) of Darülaceze in Ottoman Istanbul
Band of Ottoman islahhane (reform home) in Salonika
Surgery patients at Hamidiye Children's Hospital in Istanbul, c1905


Music: Baba Zula - İstanbul Çocukları

Central Asians and the Ottoman Empire | Lale Can

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E191 | Within nationalist understandings of Turkish identity, connections between Central Asia and the people of modern Turkey are often conceived of in terms of ancient genealogy of Turkic peoples. But as our guest in this episode of Ottoman History Podcast Lale Can illustrates, much more recent bonds forged not by ethnic but rather spiritual affinity during the Ottoman period point to enduring connections between Central Asia and the Ottoman Empire maintained through migration and pilgrimage. In this episode, we discuss Dr. Can's work on Central Asians moving in the Ottoman Empire and the transformation of travel and pilgrimage during the late nineteenth century century.




Lale Can is Assistant Professor of History at The City College of New York, CUNY. She received her Ph.D. in 2012 from the Joint Program in History and Middle East & Islamic Studies at NYU and is currently working on her manuscript, tentatively titled Spiritual Citizens: Central Asians and the Politics of Protection and Pilgrimage in the Ottoman Empire, 1869-1914. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University studying the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. His doctoral research examines the ecological transformation of the Adana region of Southern Turkey from the mid-19th century onward. (see academia.edu)


In a new episode, Chris Gratien talks to Lale Can about her research on links between the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia forged by the movements of migrants and pilgrims.
Posted by Ottoman History Podcast on Saturday, 18 April 2015


Listeners might also like:

Global Ottomans (podcast playlist)
#185Turks Across Empires | James Meyer
#147Muslims and the Middle Kingdom | Kelly Hammond
#101Hydropolitics and the Hajj | Michael Christopher Low


SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary sources
Muhammad Oxund Toshkandiy, Hajjnoma-i Turkiy, Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. MS Turki IVANUz no. 12057.

Üsküdar Sultantepesi’nde kâin Özbekler Dergahının Nüfus ve Kayıt Defteri fî 1 Zilkade 1316 fî 1 Mart 1315 [entries for 13 March 1899 through 9 December 1906] Sultantepe Özbekler Tekkesi Private Archive.

Secondary sources
Brower, Daniel. “Russian Roads to Mecca: Religious Tolerance and Muslim Pilgrimage,” Slavic Review, vol. 55, no. 3 (Autumn, 1996), 567-584.

Can, Lale. “Connecting People: The Sultantepe Özbekler Tekke and Nineteenth-Century Ottoman-Central Asian Interactions.” Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 46, part 2, March 2012. Republished in Sites of Asian Interaction: Ideas, Networks and Mobility, eds Sunil Amrith and Tim Harper (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

Green, Nile. "Spacetime and the Muslim Journey West: Industrial Communications in the Making of the 'Muslim World'", American Historical Review 118, 2 (2013).

Green, Nile. "The Rail Hajjis: The Trans-Siberian Railway and the Long Way to Mecca", in Venetia Porter (ed.), Hajj: Collected Essays (British Museum, 2013).

Kane, Eileen. “Odessa as Hajj Hub, 1880s-1910s” in Russia in Motion: Cultures of Human Mobility since 1850, edited by John Randolph and  Eugene M. Avrutin (University of Illinois Press, 2012). 

Khalid, Adeeb. “Pan-Islamism in practice: The rhetoric of Muslim unity and its uses” in Elisabeth Özdalga (ed.) Late Ottoman Society: The Intellectual Legacy (RoutledgeCurzon, 2005).

Le Gall, Dina. A Culture of Sufism:  Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450-1700  (SUNY Press, 2005).

McChesney, Robert D. “The Central Asian Hajj-Pilgrimage in the Time of the Early Modern Empires,” in Safavid Iran and Her Neighbors, ed. Michel Mazzaoui (University of Utah Press, 2003), 129-156.

Meyer, James. “Immigration, Return and the Politics of Citizenship: Russian Muslims in the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1914,” IJMES 39 (2007), 15-32.

Norihiro Naganawa, “The Hajj Making Geopolitics, Empire, and Local Politics: A View from the Volga-Ural Region at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries, in A.Papas, T. Welford, and T. Zarcone (eds), Central Asian Pilgrims: Hajj Routes and Pious Visits between Central Asia and the Hijaz (Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2011).

Thum, Rian. The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History (Harvard University Press, 2014).

IMAGES

Map of Central Asia with constructed and projected railways, circa 1891  (Source: Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, HRT 1213)

MUSIC

from freemusicarchive.org
Zainab Palvanova - Ofarin

What's Next?

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Since 2011, Ottoman History Podcast has been presented on the same web page in the same format. While we've made additions here and there, relatively little has changed on our page, which over the past four years has featured interviews with over 100 scholars and researchers about a variety of topics related to the history of the Ottoman and post-Ottoman worlds.

We are currently working to overhaul the website in order to make it more functional, update old content, and ensure greater continuity in the future. The following major changes are being made to the Ottoman History Podcast webpage:

1. Streamlining
With time, our page has gotten cluttered with items that make it harder to load or navigate on smartphones and tablets. As many of our users connect to the podcast using mobile devices, we are in the process of adjusting our page to make it more navigable for such users. We are removing excess images in order to conserve the amount of data required to load the page, and we are modifying elements that make it difficult to display the page on a wide variety of devices.

2. The Feed
Our podcast feed has suffered a very severe blow due to the incremental blockage of Soundcloud in Turkey as a result of changes in internet censorship. Recently, the entire Soundcloud page, which has hosted the Ottoman History Podcast for over one year, has ceased to function properly in Turkey. This means that neither our podcast feed nor the episode player are currently available in the country where the majority of our audience is found.

While some users in Turkey may be able to work around this issue, we want the page to be accessible to anyone. Currently, we are investing in the redevelopment of a parallel feed that will be accessible through iTunes in Turkey, and embedded players for our Turkish audience will be added to the page as well. Thank you for your patience in this matter.

3. Series
One of the major complaints from casual users and amateur history enthusiasts is that our episodes do not follow any particular order based on chronology. It is not only impossible but also pointless to listen to the podcast from beginning to end, since the episodes have no innately serial organization and some have been archived or moved with time.

In order to make navigating through our more than 200 episodes more manageable, we have begun organizing our episodes into running series on different themes in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Episodes can currently be browsed by topic on our Episode page, but these series will offer an even more cohesive framework for the episodes that better synthesizes the contributions of the many scholars who have appeared on the podcast over the years. These series will serve as the cornerstone of Ottoman History Podcast going forward, as we transform from a weekly internet radio program of randomly distributed interviews to a series of parallel conversations aimed for use in classroom environments.

Thank you for your patience as we continue to develop the Ottoman History Podcast website.

Chris Gratien
22 June 2015

The Sociopolitical World of Ottoman Hamams | Nina Ergin

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Bathhouses or hamams are a well-known feature of the Ottoman city typically associated with leisure. However, as our guest Nina Ergin explains, the history of hamams also provides a window onto many socioeconomic and political issues in the Ottoman Empire. In this episode, we discuss her research regarding the hamams of Istanbul during the mid-eighteenth century, what they tell us about the political economy and demographic makeup of the Ottoman capital, and how mapping hamams onto the landscape of Ottoman Istanbul can raise new questions about the social history of the city.

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Nina Ergin is Associate Professor in the Department of Archaeology and History of Art at Koç University, specializing in the history of Ottoman architecture. Her work particularly revolves around monuments that have a strong social dimension, such as hamams, soup kitchens and hospitals, as well as around the sensory dimensions of the Ottoman built environment. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University studying the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. His doctoral research examines the ecological transformation of the Adana region of Southern Turkey from the mid-19th century onward. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 192
Release date: 5 July 2015
Location: Feriköy, Istanbul
Editing and Production by Chris Gratien
Musical excerpt from Debo Band - Ambassel at freemusicarchive.org
This episode is part of our series on Urban Space in the Ottoman World

SELECT PUBLICATIONS

Nina Ergin with contributions by Yasemin Özarslan, “Mapping Istanbul’s Hamams of 1752 and Their Employees,” Bread from the Lion’s Mouth: Artisans Struggling for a Livelihood in Ottoman Cities, ed. Suraiya Faroqhi (New York, Oxford: Berghahn, 2015), 108-135.

Nina Ergin, “The Albanian Tellâk Connection: Labor Migration to the Hamams of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul, Based on the 1752 İstanbul Hamâmları Defteri,” Turcica 43 (2011 [2012]): 229-254.
Nina Ergin, “Bathing Business in Istanbul: A Case Study of the Çemberlitaş Hamamı in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,” Bathing Culture of Anatolian Civilizations: Architecture, History and Imagination (Louvain: Peeters, 2011), 142-167.

Nina Ergin, “Continuity and Change in Turkish Bathing Culture in Istanbul: The Life Story of the Çemberlitaş Hamam,” Turkish Studies 6 (2005): 93-112.

IMAGES

Thomas Allom, the Bath. Bains turcs (Wellcome Images / wikipedia)

Distribution of hamams in Ottoman Istanbul, c1752. For more maps like this, see Nina Ergin's article in Source: Nina Ergin with contributions by Yasemin Özarslan, “Mapping Istanbul’s Hamams of 1752 and Their Employees,” Bread from the Lion’s Mouth: Artisans Struggling for a Livelihood in Ottoman Cities, ed. Suraiya Faroqhi (New York, Oxford: Berghahn, 2015).


Workers at Istanbul hamams hailing from Üsküdar, c1752. Listen to the episode to find out more about what this map tells us (Source: Nina Ergin with contributions by Yasemin Özarslan, “Mapping Istanbul’s Hamams of 1752 and Their Employees,” Bread from the Lion’s Mouth: Artisans Struggling for a Livelihood in Ottoman Cities, ed. Suraiya Faroqhi (New York, Oxford: Berghahn, 2015)

Islamic Hospitals in Medieval Egypt and the Levant | Ahmed Ragab

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This episode is part of an ongoing series entitled History of Science in the Muslim World.
 
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From Baghdad to Cairo to Edirne, hospitals were major and integral components of medieval and early modern Islamic cities. But what role did they play in these cities and their societies? Were they sites for the development of medical knowledge? In this podcast, Professor Ahmed Ragab examines the history and significance of hospitals in Mamluk Egypt and Syria. He argues that we must view these medieval hospitals as charitable institutions that provided needed services and drugs to the urban poor, rather than the early progenitors of our modern medical institutions. Over the course of the interview we explore how these hospitals functioned as charitable institutions, what type of medical theories and treatments they employed, why medieval rulers regarded them as so important, and why their importance decreased after the sixteenth century.

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Ahmed Ragab is Richard T. Watson Assistant Professor of Science and Religion at Harvard Divinity School. His book, The Medieval Islamic Hospital: Medicine, Religion, and Charity is available from Cambridge University Press as of September 2015.
Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA studying Ottoman intellectual history. (see academia.edu)


Episode No. 193
Release date:26 July 2015
Location: Harvard University
Editing and Production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Ahmed Ragab
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dols, Michael W. "The Origins of the Islamic Hospital: Myth and Reality." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 61, (1987): 367-390

Horden, Peregrine. "The Earliest Hospitals in Byzantium, Western Europe and Islam." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35, no. 3 (2005): 361-89.

Pormann, Peter E. "Islamic Hospitals in the Time of Al-Muqtadir." In Abbasid Studies Ii: Occasional Papers of the School of Abbasid Studies, Leuven, 28 June-1 July 2004, edited by John A. Nawas, 337-81. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 2010.

Pormann, Peter E. "Medical Methodology and Hospital Practice: The Case of Fourth-/Tenth-Century Baghdad." In In the Age of Al-Farabi: Arabic Philosophy in the Fourth-Tenth Century, edited by Peter Adamson, 95-118. London: Warburg Institute, 2008.

Shefer-Mossensohn, Miri. Ottoman Medicine: Healing and Medical Institutions, 1500-1700. Albany: SUNY Press, 2009.

Ottomanism with a Greek Face | Vangelis Kechriotis

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At the turn of the twentieth century, Turkish-speaking Greek intellectuals of Cappadocian origin found themselves between mutually opposed Turkish and Greek nationalist ideologies. Their unique cultural background and their belief in the promises of the Young Turk Revolution allowed them to develop an alternative brand of Greek identity, one that combined cultural Hellenism with political loyalty to the Ottoman State. But their hopes never came true, and as such, they have been written out of history and forgotten. In this episode, we talk to Vangelis Kechriotis about his latest research on Cappadocian Christians and other issues relating to late Ottoman Greek identity, exploring the fascinating careers and difficult political choices of those caught between competing nationalist discourses.


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Vangelis Kechriotis is Assistant Professor of History at Boğaziçi University. He specializes in history of non-Muslims in the late Ottoman Empire, particularly the Greek Orthodox. His PhD dissertation completed at the University of Leiden examined the history of the Greek community of Izmir. His latest work focuses on the history of the complex cultural and political identities of Cappadocian Greeks. (see academia.edu)
Polina Ivanova is a doctoral candidate at Harvard University studying the history of medieval Anatolia.
Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA focusing on the history of knowledge and science in the early modern Middle East. He also runs the website HAZİNE, which profiles different archives, libraries, and museums that house sources on the Islamic world. (see academia.edu)


Episode No. 194
Release date: 29 July 2015
Editing and Production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Polina Ivanova
Musical excerpts from archive.org: Istanbul'dan Ayva Gelir Nar Gelir - Azize Tozem & Sari Recep / Nazmiye by Rizeli Sadik


SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Balta, Evangelia. Beyond the Language Frontier: Studies on the Karamanlis and the Karamanlidika Printing. Istanbul: Isis Press, 2010.

Benlisoy, Foti and Stefo Benlisoy. “Reading the Identity of  “Karamanli” Through the Pages of Anatoli.” In Cries and Whispers in Karamanlidika Books: proceedings of the first International Conference on Karamanlidika Studies (Nicosia, 11th-13th September 2008), edited by Evangelia Balta and Matthias Kappler, 93-108. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

Braude, Benjamin and Bernard Lewis, eds. Christians and Jews in in the Ottoman Empire: the Functioning of a Plural Society. New York: Holmes and Meier: 1982.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “Ottomanism with a Greek Face: Karamanlı  Greek Orthodox Diaspora at the End of the Ottoman Empire.” In Mediterranean Diasporas: Politics and Ideas in the Long 19th Century, edited by Maurizio Isabella and Konstantina Zanou, 189-204. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “Atina’da Kapadokyalı, İzmir’de Atinalı, İstanbul’da Mebus: Pavlos Karolidis’in Farklı Kişilik ve Aidiyetleri,” Toplumsal Tarih, no. 257 (May 2015), 28-35.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son döneminde Karamanlı Rum Ortodoks diasporası İzmir mebusu Emmanouil Emmanouilidis,” Toplumsal Tarih, no. 251 (November 2014), 38-43.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “On the margins of national historiography: The Greek Ittihatçı Emmanouil Emmanouilidis – opportunist or Ottoman patriot?” In Untold Histories of the Middle East: Recovering Voices from the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by Amy Singer, Christoph K. Neumann, and S. Aksin Somel, 124-142. London: Routledge, 2011.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “Educating the Nation: Migration and Acculturation on the Two Shores of the Aegean at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” In Cities of the Mediterranean: From the Ottomans to the Present Day, edited by Meltem Toksöz and Biray Kulluoğlu. 139-156. London: I.B. Tauris (2010).

Following Ottoman Photographs | Edhem Eldem

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Photography came to the Ottoman Empire almost immediately after its invention in 1839. Some of the major figures and studios involved in Ottoman photography have been identified, and certain stylistic aspects of images produced in and of the Ottoman Empire such as orientalism are well established. Yet there is comparatively little extant work regarding the reception, impact, and circulation of images during the late Ottoman period. In this episode, Emily Neumeier and Nir Shafir sit down with Edhem Eldem to discuss the ways in which restoring contexts of viewing, circulation, and publication of images offers a different story of late Ottoman photography using examples from the Camera Ottomana photography exhibition at Koç RCAC in Istanbul, curated by Zeynep Çelik, Edhem Eldem, and Bahattin Öztuncay.


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Edhem Eldem is a professor in the Department of History at Boğaziçi University. (see academia.edu)
Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA focusing on the history of knowledge and science in the early modern Middle East. He also runs the website HAZİNE, which profiles different archives, libraries, and museums that house sources on the Islamic world. (see academia.edu)
Emily Neumeier is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Art History at the University of Pennsylvania researching art and architecture in the Ottoman world. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 195
Release Date: 11 August 2015
Location: Boğaziçi University
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography and images courtesy of Edhem Eldem and Emily Neumeier
Musical excerpts from archive.org: Harmandali - Recep Efendi, Cemal Efendi / Kemany Minas - Eghin Havasi (1925) / Katibim (Uskudar'a Gider iken) - Safiye Ayla

The Camera Ottomana exhibit, curated by Zeynep Çelik, Edhem Eldem, and Bahattin Öztuncay, is on display at Koç RCAC / ANAMED in Beyoğlu, Istanbul until 19 August 2015.

FURTHER READING

Camera Ottomana exhibit website
Camera Ottomana exhibit catalog, by Zeynep Çelik, Edhem Eldem, Bahattin Öztuncay, Frances Terpak & Peter Louis Bonfitto (Koç University Press, 2015)

Eldem, Edhem. "Powerful Images: The Dissemination and Impact of Photography in the Ottoman Empire, 1870-1914" in Camera Ottomana, ed. Zeynep Çelik and Edhem Eldem. Koç University Press, 2015.

Baleva, Martina. “Revolution in the Darkroom: Nineteenth-Century Portrait Photography as a Visual Discourse of Authenticity.” Hungarian Historical Review 3, no. 2 (2014): 363­–390.

Gavin, Carney E. S., ed. “Imperial Self-Portrait: The Ottoman Empire as Revealed in the Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s Photographic Albums Presented as Gifts to the Library of Congress (1893) and the British Museum (1894).” Special issue. Journal of Turkish Studies; Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları 12 (1988).

Marsoobian, Armen T. Fragments of a Lost Homeland: Remembering Armenia. London: I. B. Tauris, 2015.

Özendes, Engin. From Sébah & Joaillier to Foto Sabah: Orientalism in Photography. Istanbul: YKY, 2004.

Öztuncay, Bahattin, The Photographers of Constantinople: Pioneers, Studios, and Artists from 19th Century Istanbul. Istanbul: Aygaz, 2003.

The houshamadyan project: http://www.houshamadyan.org/en/home.html

IMAGES FROM CAMERA OTTOMANA

Camera Ottomana exhibit entrance at Koç RCAC
Interior of Camera Ottomana exhibit

Early landscape photograph: Fisheries off the Bebek coastline, Istanbul, Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey, ¼-plate daguerreotype, 1843. Ömer Koç collection, image from the Camera Ottomana exhibition catalog, p. 69.
Orientalizing studio photograph of a “Turkish lady,” Pascal Sebah, ca 1870. Ömer Koç collection, image courtesy of Koç University.
Photograph album of the “Imperial Palace and Historic Monuments,” Abdullah Freres, 1891. Ömer Koç collection. The large collection of photographs sent by Abdülhamid II to the US are available online through the Library of Congress. 
Describing the variety of regional costume throughout the Ottoman domains at international exhbitions: Plate VI, “Women of Manisa,” in Osman Hamdy Bey and Marie de Launay, Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873, Constantinople: Imprimerie du Levant Times and Shipping Gazette, 1873. 
Selection of postcards on display at the Camera Ottomana exhibition.
Photographs in Ottoman newspapers: Inauguration of the clock tower in Üsküp [Skopje], Malumat 331 (17 Zilhicce 1319/ 14 March 1318/ 27 March 1902).
Collection of European newspapers with controversial images of Ottoman soldiers posing with severed heads. Listen to the episode to learn the full story of these images. 
Seriality and the Archive: a collection of portraits of Ottoman Bank employees.


Sexology in Hebrew and Arabic | Liat Kozma

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During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, scientists and physicians the world over began to think of sex as something that could be studied and understood through rational methods. In places like Germany, these sexologists were associated with progressive political movements that combated stigmatization of homosexuality and contraception and broke taboos regarding issues such as impotence and masturbation. In this episode, Liat Kozma examines how sexology traveled and transformed in Middle Eastern contexts through the writings of Egyptian doctors and Jewish exiles.


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Liat Kozma is a senior lecturer at the Department of Islamic and Middle East Studies, the Hebrew University. She is currently working on a book manuscript on regulated prostitution in the interwar Middle East and North Africa. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien is a doctoral candidate at Georgetown University researching the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)
Susanna Ferguson is a doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern History at Columbia University, where she focuses on the history of women and gender in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 196
Release date: 19 August 2015
Location: Okmeydanı, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography and images courtesy of Liat Kozma
Additional thanks to Seçil Yılmaz
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
courtesy of Liat Kozma

Liat Kozma, "'We, the Sexologists . . .': Arabic Medical Writing on Sexuality, 1879–1943," Journal of the History of Sexuality 22:3 (2013), 426-445.

Liat Kozma, "sexology in the Yishuv: The rise and decline of sexual consultation in Tel Aviv, 1930–39", International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (May 2010), 231-249.

Liat Kozma, "Translating Sexology, Writing the Nation: Sexual Discourse and Practice in Hebrew and in Arabic in the 1930s," In Heike Bauer, Sexology and Translation: Cultural and Scientific Encounters across the Modern World. London: Temple University Press, 2015.

Further Reading

On Ottoman sexual discourses, see Dror Ze'evi, Producing Desire:‎  Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500-1900. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006 (especially chapter 1).

On sexual discourses in the 20th century Egypt, see Wilson Chacko Jacob, Working Out Egypt: Effendi Masculinity and Subject Formation in Colonial Modernity, 1870–1940. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011 (especially chapter 6).

On scientification of the human body in early twentieth century Egypt, consult also
Hanan Kholoussy, "Monitoring and Medicalising Male Sexuality in Semi-Colonial Egypt," Gender & History 22 (2010), 677-691; Hibba Abugideiri, Gender and the Making of Modern Medicine in Colonial Egypt. London: Ashgate, 2010, chapter 7 (titled "Egyptian doctors and domestic medicine"); and Oumnia El Shakry, The Great Social Laboratory: Subjects of Knowledge in Colonial and Postcolonial Egypt. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.

On sexuality in early Zionist ideology, see Daniel Boyarin, Unheroic Conduct: The Rise of Heterosexuality and the Invention of the Jewish Man. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997; John M. Efron, Defenders of the Race: Jewish Doctors and Race Science in Fin-De-Siècle Europe. New Haven, Con.: Yale University Press, 1994.

On concept of "sexual reform" disseminated in different European contexts (including the UK, the Netherlands and Spain) in the interwar period through the German-inspired World League for Sexual Reform, see a theme issue of the Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 12, issue 1 (January 2003).
 
Heike Bauer's forthcoming Sexology and Translation: Cultural and Scientific Encounters across the Modern World. London: Temple University Press, 2015 – will cover more such contexts of influence, including China, Japan, Russia and Peru.

IMAGES

Barbara Jones adorns the cover of Al-Riyada Al-Badaniyya (الرياضة البدنية), an Egyptian periodical that featured articles related to sexology during the 1930s (courtesy of Liat Kozma)


British-Ottoman Diplomacy and the Making of Maritime Law | Michael Talbot

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This podcast explores murky boundaries in two senses. The first has to do with Anglo-Ottoman commerce and diplomacy in the early modern period. Like the more well-known case of the the British East India Company in South Asia, British diplomatic representation in Constantinople was also controlled by a corporate entity. Known as the Levant Company, the institution ensured that from the late 16th to the early 19th century there was little distinction between merchants and statesmen when it came to British diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire. The blurred lines gave way to what might be called a “cycle of necessity,” in which British diplomats gave gifts to secure commercial privileges for British merchants who would then fund the diplomats to provide gifts again. Yet the cycle did not always proceed smoothly, and discrepancies between translations of agreements often played a key role in hitches, in the process raising basic yet profound questions about what treaty-making meant. The second part of the podcast considers Ottoman maritime space and legal order more broadly. With respect to this theme, murkiness makes another appearance, this time as it related to the ability to possess or control the sea. What did it mean to draw a line across the waves, to differentiate between su and derya? Particularly in an age of imprecise mapmaking technologies, these efforts at delineation often were accompanied by a good deal of ambiguity, pointing to the complexity - if not always plurality - of legal cultures and claims to sovereignty that existed in the Ottoman maritime space and, indeed, that extended even ashore the well-protected domains as well.

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Dr. Michael Talbot completed his PhD at the School of African and Oriental Studies in London. He is currently a post-doctoral researcher with the Mediterranean Reconfigurations project at Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. (see academia.edu)
Sam Dolbee is a PhD candidate at New York University writing his dissertation on the environmental history of the Jazira in the late 19th and early 20th century. (see academia.edu)
Arianne Urus is a PhD candidate at New York University writing her dissertation on the environmental history of international law in the early modern North Atlantic. (see academia.edu)
Dr. Güneş Işıksel completed his PhD at École des hautes études en science sociales with a dissertation on 16th century Ottoman diplomatic history. He is currently a post-doctoral researcher with the Mediterranean Reconfigurations project at Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 197
Release Date: 22 August 2015
Location: Paris, France
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Michael Talbot
Image via V&A

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brummett, Palmira, Ottoman Seapower and Levantine Diplomacy in the Age of Discovery (New York, 1994).

Eldem, Edhem, 'Strangers in their own seas? The Ottomans in the Eastern Mediterranean basin in the second half of the eighteenth century', Studi Settencenteschi 29-30 (2010), 25-58.

Fusaro, Maria, 'After Braudel: A reassessment of Mediterranean history between the Northern Invasion and the Caravane Maritime' in M. Fusaro, C. Heywood & M-S. Omri (eds.), Trade and Cultural Exchange in the Early Modern Mediterranean: Braudel's Maritime Legacy (London & New York, 2010), 1-22.

Greene, Molly, Catholic Pirates and Greek Merchants: A Maritime History of the Mediterranean (Princeton, 2010).

Heywood, Colin, 'A frontier without archaeology? The Ottoman maritime frontier in the western Mediterranean, 1660-1760' in A. Peacock (ed.), The Frontiers of the Ottoman World (London, 2009), 493-508.

Heywood, Colin, 'Ottoman territoriality versus maritime usage: The Ottoman islands and English privateering in the wars with France, 1689-1714' in N.

Husain, Faisal, 'In the Bellies of the Marshes: Water and Power in the Countryside of Ottoman Baghdad,' Environmental History 19.4 (Oct. 2014): 638-664.

Vatin & G. Veinstein, Insularités ottomanes (Paris, 2004), 145-173.

Kütükoğlu, Mübahat, 'XVIII yüzyılda İngiliz ve Fransız korsanlık hareketlerin Akdeniz ticareti üzerinde etkileri', Belgelerde Türk Tarihi Dergisi 12 (1968), 57-71.

Panzac, Daniel, La caravane maritime: Marins européens et marchands ottomans en Méditerranée, 1680-1830 (Paris, 2004).

Talbot, Michael, 'Ottoman seas and British privateers: Defining maritime territoriality in the eighteenth-century Levant' in P. Firges, T. Graf, C. Roth & G. Tulasoğlu (eds.), Well-Connected Domains: Towards an Entangled Ottoman History (Leiden, 2014).

Wood, Alfred, A History of the Levant Company (Oxford, 1935).

Late Ottoman Bosnia and the Imperial Afterlife | Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular

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The Treaty of Berlin in 1878 brought an Austro-Hungarian occupation to many parts of the Balkans such as Bosnia that had lived under Ottoman rule for centuries. While this was certainly a historical rupture, as Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular emphasizes, this period also witnessed some important continuities with the Ottoman past. In this episode, we discuss Dr. Amzi-Erdoğdular's ongoing book project regarding those continuities and examine the lives of Ottoman Muslims of Bosnia between two empires.

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Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular is a Lecturer in Ottoman Language at Columbia University. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies at Columbia University. She is currently working on a book manuscript entitled Afterlife of Empire, which explores Ottoman continuities in Habsburg Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Susanna Ferguson is a doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern History at Columbia University, where she focuses on the history of women and gender in the Arab world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (academia.edu)

Episode No. 198
Release date: 27 August 2015
Location: Columbia University
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Musical excerpt of "Bülbülüm Altın Kafeste" courtesy of Ahmet Erdoğdular and Makam New York
Bibliography and images courtesy of Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
courtesy of Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular

Published Primary Sources:

Binark, İsmet, Necati Gültepe, and Necati Aktaş, eds. Bosna-hersek ile ilgili arşiv
belgeleri, 1516-1919. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık, Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı, 1992.

Sarınay, Yusuf, Mustafa Budak, and H. Y. Ağanoğlu, eds. Osmanlı belgelerinde Bosna
Hersek: Bosna i Hercegovina u osmanskim dokumentima. İstanbul: T.C. Başbakanlık, Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı, 2009.

Background and Further Reading:

Babuna, Aydin. “The Berlin Treaty, Bosnian Muslims, and Nationalism.” In War and
Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin, edited by M. Hakan Yavuz, 219-220. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2011.

Bandžović, Safet. Iseljavanje Bošnjaka u Tursku. Sarajevo: Institut za istraživanje zločina
protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava, 2006.

Bougarel, Xavier. “Farewell to the Ottoman Legacy? Islamic Reformism and Revivalism
in Inter-War Bosnia-Herzegovina.” In Islam in Inter-War Europe edited by Nathalie Clayer and E Germain, 313–43. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.

Davison, Roderic H. “The Ottoman Boycott of Austrian Goods in 1908–09 as a
Diplomatic Question.” In IIIrd Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey: Princeton University, 24–26 August 1983, edited by Heath W. Lowry and Ralph S. Hattox, 1–28. Istanbul: Isis Press, 1990.

Donia, Robert. Islam Under the Double Eagle: The Muslims of Bosnia and Hercegovina,
1878-1914. Boulder: East European Quarterly, 1981.

Emgili, Fahriye. Yeniden Kurulan Hayatlar: Boşnakların Türkiye'ye Göçleri, 1878-1934.
Istanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat, 2012.

Fuhrmann, Malte. “Vagrants, Prostitutes and Bosnians: Making and Unmaking European
Supremancy in Ottoman Southeast Europe.” In Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building, edited by Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer, and Robert Pichler, 15-45. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2011.

Karčić, Fikret. The Bosniaks and the Challenges of Modernity: Late Ottoman and
Hapsburg Times. Sarajevo: El-Kalem, 1999.

Karčić, Fikret. “Maktab-i Nuwwab of Sarajevo: A Bosnian Contribution to Muslim
Education.” IRKHS Research and Information Bulletin 2 (1996).

Karpat, Kemal. “The migration of the Bosnian Muslims to the Ottoman state, 1878-1914:
an account based on Turkish sources.” In Ottoman Bosnia: A History in Peril edited by Markus Koller and Kemal Karpat. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2004.

Koller, Markus and Kemal Karpat. Ottoman Bosnia: A History in Peril. Madison:
University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.

Okey Robin. Taming Balkan Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Popovic, Alexandre.  L'islam Balkanique: Les Musulmans Du Sud-Est Européen Dans La
Période Post-Ottomane. Berlin: Osteuropa-Institut an der Freien Universität Berlin, 1986.

Schick, Irvin Cemil. “Christian Maidens, Turkish Ravishers: The Sexualization of
National Conflict in the Late Ottoman Period.” In Women in the Ottoman Balkans: Gender, Culture and History, edited by Amila Buturović and Irvin C. Schick, 274-304. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.

Sugar, Peter F.  Industrialization of Bosnia-Hercegovina: 1878–1918. Seattle: University
of Washington Press, 1964.

IMAGES

Province of Bosnia (Bosna Vilayeti) from Memalik-i Mahruse-i Şahaneye Mahsus Mukemmel ve Mufassal Atlas, 1907 (wikipedia.org)
Bosnian Reading Room (courtesy of Leyla Amzi-Erdoğdular)

The Second Formation of Islamic Law | Guy Burak

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Within the historiography, major shifts and developments in schools of thought and legal interpretation have dominated the narrative of how Islamic law has spread and transformed across time. However, as our guest Guy Burak argues in his new monograph, The Second Formation of Islamic Law, structural changes in the relationship between state, society, and law are also an important part of this story. In this episode, Dr. Burak explains how law transformed under post-Mongol Islamicate empires such as the Ottomans through changes in the ways these states claimed legal authority.

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Guy Burak is the Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Librarian at NYU's Elmer Holmes Bobst Library. He is the author ofThe Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (Cambridge University Press, 2015). (see academia.edu)

Chris Gratien is a graduate of the doctoral program at Georgetown University's Department of History. His research focuses on the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)

Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA focusing on the history of knowledge and science in the early modern Middle East. He also runs the website HAZİNE, which profiles different archives, libraries, and museums that house sources on the Islamic world. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 199
Release date: 4 September 2015
Location: RCAC, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Bibliography courtesy of Guy Burak
Music excerpts via archive.org and Free Music Archive: Murat Kenarinda (Egin Havasi) - Agyazar Efendi; Karaköy Balık Pazarı (Chris Gratien); Muzaffer Akgun - Ha Bu Diyar; Podington Bear

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Guy Burak, The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015).

Richard C. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul: A Study in the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy (London: Ithaca Press, 1986).

Abdurrahman Atcil, “The Formation of the Ottoman Learned Class and Legal Scholarship (1300–1600)” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2010).

Colin Imber, Ebuʾs-Suʿud: The Islamic Legal Tradition (Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press , 1997 ) ;

Rudolph Peters, “What Does It Mean to Be an Official Madhhab? Hanafism and the

Ottoman Empire,” in The Islamic School of Law: Evolution, Devolution, and Progress, ed. Peri Baerman , Rudolph Peters , and Frank E. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard Law School, distributed by Harvard University Press, 2005), 147–58

Snjezana Buzov, “The Lawgiver and His Lawmakers: The Role of Legal Discourse in the Change of Ottoman Imperial Culture” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2005);

Haim Gerber, State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective ( Albany : State University of New York , 1994 ) .

Martha Mundy and Richard Saumarez-Smith, Governing Property, Making the Modern State: Law, Administration, and Production in Ottoman Syria (London: I. B. Tauris, 2007), esp. chs. 2-3.

Judith E. Tucker, In the House of the Law: Gender and Islamic Law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).

Rethinking Sectarianism in the Middle East | Ussama Makdisi

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"Sectarianism" is a a slippery term, now used to describe everything from Saudi Arabian foreign policy to the daily functioning of Lebanese politics to the rhetoric of the Islamic State. In this episode, historian Ussama Makdisi takes on the history of both the term "sectarian" and the kinds of communal political divides it is often used to describe in the late Ottoman Empire and the 20th century Middle East, reflecting on his former work and offering a preview of his forthcoming scholarship. 

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Ussama Makdisi is Professor of History and the first holder of the Arab-American Educational Foundation Chair of Arab Studies at Rice University. He is the author of Faith Misplaced: the Broken Promise of U.S.-Arab Relations, 1820-2001 (Public Affairs, 2010), Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East (Cornell University Press, 2008), and the Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon (University of California Press, 2000). (see faculty page)
Susanna Ferguson is a doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern History at Columbia University, where she focuses on the history of women and gender in the Arab world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (academia.edu)

Episode No. 200

Release Date: 13 September 2015
Location: Yeniköy, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Musical excerpts from archive.org: Turnalar Turnalar - Darulelhan HeyetiHarmandali - Recep Efendi, Cemal Efendi 
Images via US Library of Congress
Bibliography courtesy of Susanna Ferguson

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

Campos, Michelle.  Ottoman Brothers: Muslim, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011.


Der Matossian, Bedross. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. 2014.

Greene, Molly. A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Kechriotis, Vangelis. “Ottomanism with a Greek Face: Karamanlı Greek Orthodox Diaspora at the End of the Ottoman Empire.” In Mediterranean Diasporas: Politics and Ideas in the Long 19th Century, edited by Maurizio Isabella and Konstantina Zanou, 189-204. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.

Makdisi, Ussama. Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008.

_____. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History and Violence in Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.

Masters, Bruce Alan. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

White, Benjamin T. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011.

Osmanlı Toplumunda Çocukluk | Yahya Araz

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Osmanlı'da çocukluk algısının  olup olmadığı son dönem tarih yazıcılığında sıkça sorulan sorular arasındadır. Bu bölümde Yahya Araz bize çocukların sadece küçük insanlar olmanın ötesinde Osmanlı'da çocukluk tanımının çerçevesini oluşturan toplumsal, hukuki ve biyolojik etmenleri anlatıyor.

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Dr. Yahya Araz Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu)
Kalliopi Amygdalou, doktora derecesini University College London'a bağlı Barlett School of Architecture'dan aldı. Araştırmaları, Yunanistan ve Türkiye'de ulusal tarih yazımı, mimari ve kentsel çevre ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır. (see academia.edu)
Erken modern Osmanlı dünyasında mekân, birey ve görüntü ilişkisi üzerine çalışan Dr. Serkan Şavk, İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi Sinema ve Dijital Medya Bölümü'nde görev yapmaktadır. (see academia.edu)

KAYNAKÇA

Yahya Araz, Osmanlı Toplumunda Çocuk Olmak, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2013.

Avner Gil‘adi, Children of Islam Concepts of Childhood in Medieval Muslim Society, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

Colin Heywood, Baba Bana Top At! Batı’da Çocukluğun Tarihi, çev. Esin Hoşsucu, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2003.

Eugenia Kermeli, “Children Treated as Commodity in Ottoman Crete”, The Ottoman Empire: Myths, Realities and ‘Black Holes’, İstanbul: The Isis Press, 2006.

François Georgeon- Klaus Kreiser (ed.), Childhood and Youth in the Muslim World, Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2007.

Harald Motzki, “Child Marriages in Seventeenth-Century Palestine”, Islamic Legal Interpretation Muftis and their Fatwas, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Hülya Tezcan, Osmanlı Sarayının Çocukları, İstanbul: Aygaz, 2006.

Nazan Maksudyan, Orphans and Destitute Children in Late Ottoman Empire, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2014.

Early Cinema of the Late Ottoman Period | Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen

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The production of motion pictures began in the 1890s, and before long, films were being screened throughout the world, including in Ottoman cities. How did Ottoman audiences receive the advent of film? What was the role of the state in promoting or limiting the spread of motion pictures? What were the contents of the earliest films shown and produced in the Ottoman Empire? In this episode, Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen offers an introduction to the emergence of cinema in the Ottoman Empire and discusses the results of her research on the subject at the Ottoman archives in Istanbul.

Bu konuyla ilgili olan Türkçe bölümü için: Nezih Erdoğan - Hayretle Seyret

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Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen is a doctoral candidate in the Centre for Multidisciplinary & Intercultural Inquiry at University College London researching the history of cinema in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien holds a Ph.D. from Georgetown University's Department of History. His research focuses on the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)
Taylan Güngör is a doctoral candidate at SOAS in London writing his dissertation on trade in Istanbul after 1453. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 201
Release date: 23 September 2015
Location: Feriköy, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Music and sound excerpts: Mısır Çarşısı (Chris Gratien); Rüçhan Çamay & Dün Bügün ve Yarın - Televizyon;  Baglamamin Dugumu - Necmiye Ararat and Muzaffer
Bibliography courtesy of Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen
Image by Ressam Salih (1943)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

For the film collection of the Turkish Armed Forces, see this article in Sabah

Savaş Arslan. Cinema in Turkey: A New Critical History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).

Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen. "Denetimden Sansüre Osmanlı’da Sinema." Toplumsal Tarih, no.  255, (March 2015): 72-79.

Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen. “1903 Sinematograf İmtiyazı.” Toplumsal Tarih, no. 229 (January 2013): 26-32.

Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen. “Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives: Inventory of Written Archival Sources for Ottoman Cinema History.” Tarih, Issue 3, Boğaziçi University Department of History (2013): 17–48.

Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen. “Mürebbiye/The Governess.” In Directory of World Cinema: Turkey, edited by Eylem Atakav, 61-63. (Bristol: Intellect, 2013).

Nezih Erdoğan. “The Spectator in the Making: Modernity and Cinema in Istanbul, 1896-1928.” In Orienting Istanbul Cultural Capital of Europe, edited by Deniz Göktürk, Levent Soysal and İpek Türeli, 129-143. (London: Routledge, 2010).

Dilek Kaya-Mutlu. “Ayastefanos’taki Rus Abidesi: Kim Yıktı? Kim Çekti? Kim ‘Yazdı?’” Seyir, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 12-21.

Hamid Naficy. A Social History of Iranian Cinema. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press, 2011.

Mustafa Özen.  “Travelling Cinema in Istanbul.” In Travelling Cinema in Europe: Sources and Perspectives, edited by Martin Loiperdinger, 47-53. (Kintop Schriften, 2008).

Saadet Özen. "'Balkanların İlk Sinemacıları' mı? Manaki Biraderler." Toplumsal Tarih, no. 219  (March 2012): 60-67.

Saadet Özen.  “Rethinking the Young Turk Revolution: Manaki Brothers’ Still and Moving Images.” MA thes., (Boğaziçi University, 2010).

Emrah Özen. “Geçmişe Bakmak: Sinema Tarihi Çalışmaları Üzerine Eleştirel Bir İnceleme.” Kebikeç, Sinema ve Tarih, no 27 (2009): 131-155.

Ali Özuyar. Babıali’de Sinema. (İstanbul: İzdüşüm Yayınları, 2004).

Naked Anxieties in the Baths of Ottoman Aleppo | Elyse Semerdjian

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Bath houses or hamams were mainstays of the Ottoman city. But as semi-public spaces where people could mix and implicitly transgressed certain boundaries regarding nudity, they were also spaces that produced anxiety and calls for regulation. In this episode, Elyse Semerdjian discusses how in a certain time and place of eighteenth century Aleppo, the issue of Muslim and Christian women bathing together aroused the concern of Ottoman state and society.

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Elyse Semerdjian is the Director of Global Studies and Associate Professor of Middle East/Islamic World History at Whitman College.  A specialist in early modern Ottoman history and Syria, she authored  “Off the Straight Path”:  Illicit Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo (Syracuse University Press, 2008) as well as several articles on gender, non-Muslims, and law in the Ottoman Empire. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien holds a Ph.D. from Georgetown University's Department of History. His research focuses on the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 202
Release date: 8 October 2015
Location: Bebek, Istanbul
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Copyright free musical excerpts Istanbul'dan Ayva Gelir Nar Gelir - Azize Tozem and Sari RecepRizeli Sadik - Erkek Kadin Oyun Havasi; Wadih El Safi - Bissaha
Bibliography courtesy of Elyse Semerdjian

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY


Elyse Semerdjian, "Off the Straight Path"Illicit Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2008.

______. "Naked Anxiety: Bathhouses, Nudity, and the Dhimmī Woman in 18th-Century Aleppo"The International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 45, No. 04, pp. 651-676.

Abraham Marcus, “Privacy in Eighteenth-Century Aleppo:  The Limits of Cultural Ideals,” The International Journal of Middle East Studies, 18 (1986) 165-183.

Astrid Meier, “Bathing as a Translocal Phenomenon? Bathhouses in the Arab Provinces of the Ottoman Empire,” in Bathing Culture of Anatolian Civilizations: Architecture, History, Imagination, ed. Nina Ergin Leuven: Peters, 2011 168-197.

Madeline Zilfi, Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire:  The Design of Difference (New York:  Cambridge University Press, 2010) and Marc Baer “Islamic Conversion Narratives of Women:  Social Change and Gendered Religious

Donald Quataert,  “Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720-1829,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 29, No. 3 (Aug. 1997), 403-425

Palestinian Village Histories | Rochelle Davis

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The history of the modern world is one of overlapping displacements that have severed ties not only between people and their ancestral homes but also their histories. The writing of village history among displaced communities such as Ashkenazi Jews and Ottoman Armenians has emerged as a means of preserving that history for future generations in the diaspora. In this episode, Rochelle Davis discusses her work on the village history genre among Palestinians, its place within Palestinian historical memory, and the ways in which these sources can enrich our understanding of the past.

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Rochelle Davis is an Associate Professor of Anthropology in the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Her primary research work is on refugees in the Arab World, initially Palestinian refugees (Palestinian Village Histories: Geographies of the Displaced (Stanford University Press, 2011)) and more recently Iraqi and Syrian refugees. A second research project examines the US military’s conceptions of culture in the 21st century wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien holds a Ph.D. from Georgetown University's Department of History. His research focuses on the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)
Alissa Walter is a Ph.D. Candidate in Georgetown University's History Department. The title of her dissertation is: "Ba'thist Baghdad: A History of Non-Elite City Life under Authoritarianism, Wars, and Sanctions."(see academia.edu)

Episode No. 203
Release date: 14 October 2015
Location: Georgetown University
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Copyright free musical excerpts Harmandali - Recep Efendi, Cemal Efendi; Istanbul'dan Ayva Gelir Nar Gelir - Azize Tozem and Sari Recep
Podcast Image via Library of Congress

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Palestinian Village Histories
Stanford University Press, 2011
Davis, Rochelle. Palestinian Village Histories: Geographies of the Displaced. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2011.

Ben-Ze'ev, Efrat. Remembering Palestine in 1948: Beyond National Narratives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Doumani, Beshara. Rediscovering Palestine Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1995.

Shryock, Andrew. Nationalism and the Genealogical Imagination Oral History and Textual Authority in Tribal Jordan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Slyomovics, Susan. The Object of Memory: Arab and Jew Narrate the Palestinian Village. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.

Swedenburg, Ted. Memories of Revolt: The 1936-1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past. Minneapolis, Minn: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

Tamārī, Salīm. Mountain against the Sea Essays on Palestinian Society and Culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.

_____. Year of the Locust A Soldier's Diary and the Erasure of Palestine's Ottoman Past. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. 

What's Next?

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Since 2011, Ottoman History Podcast has been presented on the same web page in the same format. While we've made additions here and there, relatively little has changed on our page, which over the past four years has featured interviews with over 100 scholars and researchers about a variety of topics related to the history of the Ottoman and post-Ottoman worlds.

We are currently working to overhaul the website in order to make it more functional, update old content, and ensure greater continuity in the future. The following major changes are being made to the Ottoman History Podcast webpage:

1. Streamlining
With time, our page has gotten cluttered with items that make it harder to load or navigate on smartphones and tablets. As many of our users connect to the podcast using mobile devices, we are in the process of adjusting our page to make it more navigable for such users. We are removing excess images in order to conserve the amount of data required to load the page, and we are modifying elements that make it difficult to display the page on a wide variety of devices.

2. The Feed
Our podcast feed has suffered a very severe blow due to the incremental blockage of Soundcloud in Turkey as a result of changes in internet censorship. Recently, the entire Soundcloud page, which has hosted the Ottoman History Podcast for over one year, has ceased to function properly in Turkey. This means that neither our podcast feed nor the episode player are currently available in the country where the majority of our audience is found.

While some users in Turkey may be able to work around this issue, we want the page to be accessible to anyone. Currently, we are investing in the redevelopment of a parallel feed that will be accessible through iTunes in Turkey, and embedded players for our Turkish audience will be added to the page as well. Thank you for your patience in this matter.

3. Series
One of the major complaints from casual users and amateur history enthusiasts is that our episodes do not follow any particular order based on chronology. It is not only impossible but also pointless to listen to the podcast from beginning to end, since the episodes have no innately serial organization and some have been archived or moved with time.

In order to make navigating through our more than 200 episodes more manageable, we have begun organizing our episodes into running series on different themes in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Episodes can currently be browsed by topic on our Episode page, but these series will offer an even more cohesive framework for the episodes that better synthesizes the contributions of the many scholars who have appeared on the podcast over the years. These series will serve as the cornerstone of Ottoman History Podcast going forward, as we transform from a weekly internet radio program of randomly distributed interviews to a series of parallel conversations aimed for use in classroom environments.

Thank you for your patience as we continue to develop the Ottoman History Podcast website.

Chris Gratien
22 June 2015

Reconstructing Ottoman Armenian Life | Vahé Tachjian

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In the decades following the Armenian genocide, communities of the diaspora began to document the life of Ottoman Armenians in the towns and villages of Anatolia and publish their material in memory books aimed at preserving and transmitting Armenian histories for posterity. Largely composed in Armenian and languages of the diaspora, these books have circulated in small circles for decades as tiny fragments of a treasured but fading past. In recent years, digital outlets have created a new venue for piecing back together these fragments and sharing the history of Ottoman Armenians in a public forum. In this episode, we speak to historian Vahé Tachjian about the houshamadyan project, which since 2011 has served as a virtual space for the reconstruction and exploration of Ottoman Armenian life.

Stream via Soundcloud (US / preferred)

Stream via Hipcast (Turkey / Türkiye)


Vahé Tachjian earned his Ph.D. in History and Civilization at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris. He has published widely on the history of the French Mandates in the Middle East and Armenians in the 19th and 20th centuries. He is also director of houshamadyan, a project to reconstruct Ottoman Armenian town and village life. (see academia.edu)
Chris Gratien holds a Ph.D. from Georgetown University's Department of History. His research focuses on the social and environmental history of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. (see academia.edu)
Nir Shafir is a doctoral candidate at UCLA focusing on the history of knowledge and science in the early modern Middle East. He also runs the website HAZİNE, which profiles different archives, libraries, and museums that house sources on the Islamic world. (see academia.edu)

Episode No. 204
Release Date: 21 October 2015
Location: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ
Editing and production by Chris Gratien
Special thanks to Nora Lessersohn for Hovannes Cherishian's recording of "Kun yeghir balas"
Additional music from Maro Nalbandian

SAMPLE ARTICLES AND MATERIALS FROM HOUSHAMADYAN

Music Gallery
Aleppo, "Photo Gallery"
Harput, Political Life - The Ottoman Constitution, "Life in the region of Harput-Mamüretülaziz (1908-1915)," by Vahé Tachjian (trans. Hrant Gadarigian)
Marash, Voices, "Hovannes Cherishian," by Nora Lessersohn
Yozgat, "Games and Toys," by Vahé Tachjian (trans. Hrant Gadarigian)
Dersim, "Demography - Part 1," by George Aghjayan

Holy Mother of God - in Lake Tsovk (Gölcük) from Houshamadyan on Vimeo.


PHOTOS (hosted on houshamadyan.org)

Kharpert/Harput. The Community School graduates of 1909/1910 with the school’s director Tlgadintsi (seated, centre) (Source: Nubarian Library collection)
Van: Gakavian family (Source: Christine Gardon collection)
Bursa: The Armenian quarter and the entrance of the Armenian cemetery (Source: Michel Paboudjian collection, Paris)
Adana, ca 1900: on the left – Bedros Yeghiayian, right – Levon Yeghiayian (Bedros’ cousin). They are photographed with their imported German ‘Hercules’ bicycles (Source: Bedo Eghiayan collection)
Diyarbekir: the Voskerichians' silk factory (Source: Dzovig Torigian collection)
Mardin (Source: Michel Paboudjian collection, Paris)
A scene from Izmit (Michel Paboudjian Collection)




Women and Suicide in Early Republican Turkey | Nazan Maksudyan

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In the 1920s and 1930s, politicians, intellectuals, and members of the public joined a lively debate about the issue of female suicide in Turkey. While we cannot know whether the rates of female suicide were actually skyrocketing during this period, the fact that so many public figures began to treat this issue as a central concern tells us a lot about the relationship between the modernizing state of Early Republican Turkey and the women whom it governed. In this episode, Nazan Maksudyan explores what might have provoked this debate, what it might say about the state and its relationship to women, gender, and the female body, and how women themselves might have used suicide as a means of asserting their agency.

Stream via Soundcloud (preferred / US)


Stream via Hipcast (Turkey / Türkiye)



Nazan Maksudyan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Istanbul Kemerburgaz University. Her work examines the social, cultural, and economic history of children and youth during the late Ottoman period. (see academia.edu)
Susanna Ferguson is a doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern History at Columbia University, where she focuses on the history of women and gender in the Arab world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (academia.edu)

Episode No. 205
Release date: 25 October 2015
Recording location: Istanbul Kemerburgaz University
Editing by Onur Engin, generously funded by a paid assistantship at Koç University under the supervision of Associate Professor Nina Ergin
Bibliography courtesy of Nazan Maksudyan
Image courtesy of Nicholas Danforth

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Holly Shissler. "If You Ask Me': Sabiha Sertel's Advice Column, Gender Equity, and Social Engineering in the Early Turkish Republic," Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 3 (2007): 1-30.

A. Holly Shissler. "Beauty Is Nothing to be Ashamed of: Beauty Contests as Tools of Women’s Liberation in Early Republican Turkey," Comparative Studies of South-Asia, Africa and the Middle-East 24 (2004): 107–122.

Ruth A. Miller. The Limits of Bodily Integrity: Abortion, Adultery, and Rape Legislation in Comparative Perspective. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate, 2007.

Pelin Başçı. "Love, Marriage, and Motherhood: Changing Expectations of Women in Late Ottoman Istanbul," Turkish Studies, 4 (2003): 145-177.

Nazan Maksudyan. “Control over Life, Control over Body: Female Suicide in Early Republican Turkey.” Women’s History Review (Spring 2014): 1.

Nazan Maksudyan. "'This time women as well got involved in politics!': Nineteenth Century Ottoman Women's Organizations and Political Agency." In Women and the City, Women in the City: A Gendered Perspective to Ottoman Urban History, Nazan Maksudyan (ed.) New York: Berghahn Books, 2014. pp. 107-135.

Nicholas Danforth. "One More World War One Tragedy." The Afternoon Map (3 February 2015).

Ayça Alemdaroğlu. "Politics of the Body and Eugenic Discourse in Early Republican Turkey," Body & Society 11 (2005): 61-76.

Nurullah Şenol. "Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında Osmanlı Toplumunda İntihar," Toplumsal Tarih 110 (2003): 52-56.

Nurullah Ulutaş. Türk Romanında İntihar (1872-1960). Ph.D. dissertation, Uludağ University, 2006.

Zafer Toprak. "Dr. Cemal Zeki’nin ‘Delişmen, Çılgın Kızlar’ı – Cumhuriyette Genç Kız ve Kadın İntiharları," Toplumsal Tarih 87 (2001) : 25-29.
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